RHODE ISLAND COAL MEASURES. 163 



explained. How much of this section is to be allotted to the shales alone 

 is not known. 



sockanosset sandstones. — The ridges in this area, including the ridge in the 

 East Side area, are evidently due to the presence of sandstones and con- 

 glomeratic beds. They are well exposed on Sockanosset ridge east and 

 west of the reservoir. They are members of the Kingstown series of Dr. 

 Foerste. The shales are carried well up on the eastern flanks of these hills. 

 PI. V represents a side view of Rocky Hill, showing the glaciated northern 

 slope. 



KAST SIDE AREA IN PROVIDENCE. 



Knowledge of the stratigraphy of this area is limited to a few out- 

 crops and. to occasional borings, the latter of which have been recorded by 

 the Providence Franklin Society. 1 



The rocks consist of sandstones, shales, and pebbly beds, exhibiting the 

 aspects of metamorphism commonly found farther south at Sockanosset and 

 in the lower bay region. The schists are frequently highly carbonaceous. 



The rock reported to have been taken from the ledge on which Roger 

 Williams landed is a black metamorphic shale, or ilmenite-schist, soft and 

 readily falling to pieces under abrasion. This rock evidently gives rise to 

 the depression in which the ProAddence and Seekonk rivers run. 



The attitude of the strata in this area is exhibited in the outcrop 

 opposite No. 75 East George street, near G-ano street. There are here 

 about 38 feet of slates with arenaceous and pebbly beds, all showing signs 

 of crumpling under great pressure and standing at angles of dip as high as 

 80°. The beds strike N. 25° E. magnetic (N. 14° E.), dipping in one place 

 E., in another W. The fine conglomerates contain quartz and quartzite 

 pebbles. There is a pronounced cleavage, for the most part striking N. 65° 

 W. magnetic (N. 76° W.), and dipping about 60° N. This secondary 

 structure seems generally to have been taken by the inexpert for strati- 

 fication. Similar exposures exist on the hill to the west. Rock is also 

 reported to have been struck in borings at a few feet from the surface and 

 in making excavations for the reservoir. Coal is said to have been met 

 with on Benefit street south of Church and Stair streets. 



On the land of the Swan Point Cemetery, between Swan Point road 

 and Blackstone boulevard, is a small outcrop of massive grayish sandstone, 



1 Geology of Rbodo Island, 1887, Addenda, pp. 129-130, : 



