FOSSILS IN KINGSTOWN SERIES. ,347 



the section conglomerates come in again. These are seen at the western 

 margin of Beaver Head, o:: Dutch Island, the western side of northern 

 Conanicut, the western side of Prudence Island, and the western side of 

 Bristol Neck; and apparently the conglomerates at Rocky Point and the 

 eastern side of Providence River belong at this horizon. (See the para- 

 graph on the equivalence of the Kingstown and Aquidneck series, on 

 p. 361.) 



Fossii-piam localities. — Coaly shales with fern impressions occxir as follows: 

 About 2,000 feet above the base of the series are ■ the coaly shales of 

 Sockanosset Hill, inclosing fern leaves. At the top of the series and at 

 several points farther down are more carbonaceous shales, also containing 

 fern impressions. The highest beds with plant remains in the Kingstown 

 series are the conglomerate and sandstone beds exposed on the western 

 side of Prudence Island. The coaly shales just above belong to the base 

 of the Aquidneck bed. On Beaver Head the shales in the upper part of 

 the Kingstown series do not preserve the fern impressions. The fossil 

 locality on the eastern side of northern Conanicut probably belongs a little 

 above this horizon. A slightly lower horizon is occupied by the exposure 

 of fern-bearing coaly shales on the west side of Bristol Neck. A still lower 

 one includes the fossil-fern locality on the western side of Dutch Island and 

 the locality discovered by Prof. T. Nelson Dale on the western side of 

 northern Conanicut. A comparison of the ferns from the upper and lower 

 horizons might show variations in the flora, giving suggestions as to means 

 of recognizing the same horizons observed in the field. 



Plant stems are found above the level of the lowest coal horizon at 

 Hills Grove and near the top of the section on the western side of Prudence 

 Island, and possibly the exposures off the end of Rumstick Neck and along 

 Providence River, in all cases consisting of sandstones belonging to the 

 same horizon. Indeed, the upper half of the Tenmile River section of 

 Mr. Woodworth appears to be in places rich in calamites. 



Ferns occur again in the overlying Aquidneck shale series and in the 

 coaly shales interbedded with the coarse conglomerate series at the top of 

 the Narragansett Basin Carboniferous section at Castle Hill, as will be 

 described later, demonstrating that all of the exposures here described, from 

 the basal conglomerates and arkoses to the top of the Purgatory conglom- 

 erate, are Carboniferous. 



