April, igi6 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 31 



old. Its Sanscrit form is carabha, and was applied to a locust, 

 also to the spiny lobster. The Greek karabos is also supplied to 

 the spiny lobster. It is curious that the Latin word locusta 

 means not only grasshopper or locust but means spiny lobster, 

 as well. The word Carabus, as we use it, was taken directly from 

 the Greek. One well-known Greek manuscript spells the word 

 skarabos, but this is probably the error of a copyist. The word 

 scarabceus is Latin, taken direct from Egypt as closely as the 

 sound could be imitated. 



One might suppose that the scarab worship would be carried 

 to Rome during the period of widest religious latitude following 



Fig. 8. Fig. g. Fig. io. 



Fig. 8 is drawn from the cartouche of Rameses III. It is the same as 

 that of Rameses II, always remembered as the oppressor of the IsraeHtes. 

 Note the different shape of wing and the general aspect, hardly at all like 

 a wasp. Yet the symbol is undoubtedly the same. Rameses II was a 

 great king and great general. Other history does not give him the bad 

 character which Exodus does. 



Fig. 9 is from a rock carving of Menephtah. It is in even relief, hence 

 the outlines. Note the squared front to the abdomen. 



Fig. 10 is probably the earliest picture in the world of a butterfly. It is 

 part of an elaborate carving on a rock tomb near Thebes. For whole 

 picture compare the text. 



the reign of the Emperor Heliogabalus, himself an Asiatic priest 

 of the Sun God, but there is no evidence to support this view. 

 The world-wide distribution of the scarab was carried on by the 

 Phoenicians, that astute people who migrated overland from the 

 Red Sea coast to the coast of Palestine and founded the rich cities 

 of Tyre and Sidon long before the Trojan war, before i,ioo B. 

 C. This people monopolized the world's commerce as traders 

 and slave dealers. Egypt was both largest customer and source 

 of supplies. The Phoenicians learned to manufacture scarab 

 signets in wholesale fashion and market them all over the world. 



