i OCT2eiQ9o 



BULLETIN V 



OF THE A'o,,,., 



BROOKLYN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 



Vol. XV October, 1920 No. 4 



THE RESPIRATION OF AQUATIC INSECTS. 



A Collective Review. 



By Richard A. Muttkowski, Ph.D., University of Idaho. 



1. Introductory : Workers, classification, and definition 89 



2. General physiology of respiration. Principle 91 



3. Internal oxygenation : Tracheal, and fixation methods 91 



4. Transportation of air to tissues 95 



5. External oxygenation 131 



6. Entry of air into closed system in embryo I33 



7. Air of transformation 136 



8. Storage for static purposes I37 



9. Inspiration and expiration in adults 138 



I. Introductory. 



The present paper constitutes a collective review of work of 

 the past fifteen years on the respiration of aquatic insects. 

 Among the more important workers in this field the following 

 may be named: Brocher, Portier (France); Boving, Blunck, 

 Krogh, Wesenberg-Lund (Denmark) ; Ege (Sweden) ; Franck- 

 enberg (Germany) ; Tillyard (Australia). 



When we speak of aquatic insects, we usually mean that the 

 particular insects are aquatic in their larval stages — hence that 

 they lead an amphibious life, aquatic in the larval stage, terres- 

 trial in the adult state. An absolute division cannot be made, as 

 insects possess varying degrees of aquaticity. The distribution 

 of aquatic life among the orders is as follows : 

 Orders entirely amphibious: Odonata, Perloidea, Ephemeroidea, 

 Trichoptera. 



89 



