28 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XIII 
Hebrew in order of occurrence are gazam, arbeh, jalek, and 
chasil. 
The Septuagint found trouble. There were not familiar words 
enough in Greek to go around. Entertaining the idea that at 
least one mention was a caterpillar, they employed for gazam the 
Greek kampe, the generic term for caterpillar, familiar at all 
events since the writing of Aristotle. St. Jerome adopted their 
word, translating as eruca, the Latin word for Lepidopterous 
caterpillar, invariably used by Réamur, Swammerdamm, Godaert, 
de Merian, and others of the leading pre-Linnean insect students. 
The King James translators adopted the earlier: interpretations, 
but on account of the paucity of words used indefinite terms prob- 
ably culled from English works on insects. 
“That which the palmer-worm hath left hath the locust eaten; 
and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten; 
and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpillar 
eaten.” 
For some unexplained reason they applied the general term 
caterpillar for chasil, and for gagam they had to use a special 
kind of caterpillar, palmerworm. For jalek they had to specify 
some other kind of caterpillar, cankerworm, which is good old 
English. 
For arbeh, the King James translators made a curious error. 
_In thirteen places they rendered it as locust, in four as grass- 
hopper. The bestireterences are: 1 Kings, VIN 37>" ii gnene 
be pestilence, mildew, locust (arbeh), or if there be caterpillar 
(chasil) in the land.” In II Chronicles and Psalm LXXVIII 
the words are used in the same way. In Psalm CV “the arbeh 
came and caterpillars (jelek), and that without number.” No- 
tice another little error in the Authorized Version, caterpillar 
being used for chasil and jelek, disregarding the discriminations 
made elsewhere. Psalm CIX, “I am tossed up and down like 
the arbeh.’ Proverbs, XXX, “The arbeh have no king, yet 
they go forth all of them by bands.” Judges VI and VII, “they 
came as grasshoppers for multitude.” Job, XXXIX, “afraid 
as a grasshopper.” Jeremiah, XLVI, “more than the grasshop- 
pers and innumerable.” 
There is another word, occurring thrice in the Old Testament, 
