56 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. XIII 
the titillator “ep” of the Orthoptera (Figs. 64 and 76), although 
Brunner von Wattenwyl and Redtenbacher, 1908, regard the titil- 
lator and vomer as identical. 
Posterior to the phallus “pe” of certain Phasmids (Fig. 52) is 
a small sternal plate or poststernite “ps.’ From its position im- 
mediately posterior to the phallus “pe” it would appear that the 
sternal plate “ps” of the Odonata (Figs. 1 and 2) is homologous 
with the poststernite “ps” of the Phasmids (Fig. 52). Indeed, 
there is something very suggestive of Odonatan affinities in the 
general structure of a Phasmid, and it is quite possible that the 
Odonata ,were rather closely related to the ancestors of the 
Phasmids. 
Closely associated with the cerci “c” are the paraproctal plates 
or paraprocts “pa,” situated on either side of the anal opening 
(Bigs. 0, 2,43; 13, 1824) 137, 30,152,957, 05, 9707 Ot cone 
These have ‘been termed the subcerci and the subanal plates. 
They are not always situated under the anal opening, however, 
and in some insects such as the Plecopteron shown in Fig. 13, 
“pa,” they may even project above the anal opening, so that the 
term paraproct (paraproctos) is more appropriate and briefer 
than the designation subanal plate. In certain Plecoptera (Fig. 
10) the paraprocts “pa” are closely applied to the posterior 
process “po” of the sternal plate, while in other Plecoptera (Fig. 
16) the paraprocts project free and bear rather oddly shaped 
hooks—as is also the case in the Plecopteron shown in Fig. 13. 
In some Plecoptera resembling the one shown in Fig. 17, I have 
observed what appear to be gills attached to the paraprocts “pa.” 
The projections, etc., of the paraproct region should not be con- 
fused with the bicornua or posterior paired horn-like projections 
of the tergal region in certain Plecoptera (Figs. 12 and 16, “b’”’) 
which resemble them quite closely, but are situated much higher 
in the tergal region. 
In the Ephemerids (Figs. 9 and 15) the paraprocts “pa” are 
rather closely associated with the median terminal plate “sa”; 
but I imagine that in the more primitive Ephemerids the para- 
procts are larger and more distinctly separated. In such Odonata 
as Lestes (Fig. 1) the paraprocts “pa” are elongate, and in some 
of the Odonata they are even more developed and resemble such 
6 
