June,1918 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 59 
In such Odonata as 4schna (Fig. 2) the epiproct “sa” is large, 
and is usually termed the “inferior” appendage, due to the fact 
that it is frequently bent downward between the cerci “c,” 
although it represents the tergal region of the eleventh segment. 
In the dragonfly Gomphus, shown in Fig. 85, the epiproct “sa” is 
very broad, and bears on its lower surface a “ subpapilla ” labeled 
“d,” which may possibly represent the remains of the twelfth 
tergite. In most Anisoptera the epiproct is quite large, while in 
most damselflies, the epiproct is greatly reduced or wanting, 
although the structure labeled “sa” in the damselfly shown in 
Fig. 6 appears to be homologous with the epiproct “sa” of the 
dragonfly shown in Fig. 2. 
In the male Embiids (Figs. 32, 43, and 90) the terminal abdom- 
inal tergite is divided into two asymmetrical halves labeled “h.” 
The Embiid shown in Figs. 37 and 38, however, has an undivided 
terminal tergite like the females of other Embiids, so that I am 
inclined to believe that the Embiid depicted in Figs. 37 and 38 
is a female despite the presence in it of developing wings (which 
are usually borne by the males alone in the Embiids). 
The fact that in the Zoraptera (Fig. 36) the terminal segments 
are markedly asymmetrical and the fact that their cerci “c” are 
also composed of two segments, as is the case with the Embiids 
(Figs. 32 and 34, “c’’), might be taken as indicating a relation- 
ship to the Embiids. In general, however, the Zoraptera appear 
to be more like Isoptera. 
In the Phasmid shown in Fig. 62, the tergite labeled “sa” is 
probably not the true epiproct or pygidium; but in the Phasmid 
Timema (Figs. 42, 53, and 65) the true epiproct, or eleventh 
tergite is represented by the projecting plate “sa” best seen in 
profile in Fig. 42. The Dermapteron shown in Fig. 26 has a 
similar projecting epiproct or pygidium labeled “sa”; but in most 
Dermaptera the epiproct “sa” does not project markedly back- 
ward (é. g., Figs. 21 and 24). 
In some roaches, such as that shown in Fig. 77, the epiproct 
pygidium or supraanal plate “sa” is large, and is emarginate pos- 
teriorly. In others it is smaller and more pointed posteriorly, as 
in Fig. 92, “sa”; the roach shown in this figure being more like 
Stenopelmatus (Fig. 63, “sa”’) or the Isoptera (Fig. 40, “sa” 
in this respect. 
