342 THE ILLINOIS GLACIAL LOBE. 



Immediately west of the village of Pawpaw, at the south border of 

 the Pawpaw Swamp, the Lake Michigan moraine again becomes prominent. 

 South of this latitude the Saginaw and Lake Michigan movements appar- 

 ently lacked a few miles of meeting, and the interval is filled with a great 

 gravel deposit through which the Dowagiac River has its course. The gravel 

 plain descends toward the river from either border. It is therefore a double 

 outwash, that on the west being the outwash from the Lake Michigan lobe 

 and that on the east from the Saginaw Bay lobe. The g-ravel plain formed 

 as an outwash from the Lake Michigan lobe is characterized by numerous 

 lakelets, many of which are without surface outlet. The basins which they 

 occupy are so deep that the water surface of the lakes is in some cases 40 

 or 50 feet below the general level of the gravel plain on their borders. 



Immediately west of Niles is a prominent morainic ridge which extends 

 southwestward into Indiana and there turns south and dies away in the 

 plain at the head of the Kankakee River. It is slightly outside the reg'ular 

 border of the Valparaiso moraine and is separated from it by a narrow valley- 

 like depression occupied for a few miles, between Niles and Buchanan, 

 by the southwest flowing portion of the St. Joseph River. This moraine 

 belongs perhaps to the Saginaw series, for its trend harmonizes more closely 

 with that of the Saginaw moraine east of it than with the Valparaiso moraine 

 west of it. Furthermore, its surface bowlders apparently bear more resem- 

 blance to those found in the Saginaw moraines than those on the Valparaiso 

 moraine. The moraine is accordingly discussed in connection with the 

 Saginaw moraines in another report now in preparation. A morainic tract 

 in the northwest township of Cass County is also discussed in that report 

 as a possible Saginaw moraine. 



From the State line of Michigan and Indiana the Valparaiso moraine 

 bears southwestward and the neighboring Saginaw moraine (the Maxin- 

 kuckee) bears southward while the broad Kankakee marsh with its border- 

 ing gravel plains occupies the interval between them. 



Thus it appears that the two ice lobes in places had margins so widely 

 separated that each produced a gravel apron of its own on its outer margin ; 

 in other places a single overwash apron was produced, as in Pine Grove 

 Township, Van Buren County, and Martin Township, Allegan County; in 

 other places the two glaciers formed moraines side by side, with no over- 

 wash apron between, as in Trowbridge Township, where the Kalamazoo 

 River flows between them; in Cheshire Township a single moraine was 



