THE VALPARAISO MORAINIC SYSTEM. 359 



portion are discussed in another report; 1 the wells of the Michigan portion 

 are taken up in some detail at this point. The discussion begins with 

 Allegan County, at the north end of the district examined, and proceeds to 

 consider areas lying southward. 



A well on the farm of Gr. H. Hill, 2 miles west of Allegan, on the 

 elevated sandy land south of the Kalamazoo River, penetrates sand and 

 o-ravel slightly cemented near bottom, 63 feet, and terminates at 65 feet in 

 a sticky blue clay, apparently pebbleless. Another well on the same farm 

 penetrated 50 feet of sand and gravel and entered a similar sticky blue clay 

 4 feet. This clay is perhaps a silt deposited in advance of the ice invasion 

 by which the morainic system was formed. 



Immediately north of these wells in the Kalamazoo River Valley, wells 

 are 20 to 22 feet in depth and are mainly in a loose sand with some 

 cemented gravel. In some wells there is near the bottom an oily, sticky, 

 blue clay, 8 feet or more in depth, and occasionally a yellowish brown till 

 is encountered. Three prospect borings for oil at Allegan penetrate about 

 240 feet of drift, of which the upper 120 feet is sand and clay, and the lower 

 120 feet mainly gravel. 3 In the Kalamazoo Valley, at the waterworks in 

 Allegan, a well has been sunk to a depth of 180 feet in partially cemented 

 gravel with a very little till. The bluffs of the river at Allegan are about 

 60 feet in height and present the following section in the south part of the 



city: 



Section at Allegan, Michigan. 



Feet. 



Loose gravelly sand 20-25 



Cemented gravel -0-^ 



Loose sandy gravel '. 20 



If this be added to the 180 feet of assorted material penetrated in the 

 waterworks well it gives a section 240 feet in depth, nearly all of which is 

 assorted material, fully two-thirds being cemented gravel. On the north 

 side of the river, about a quarter of a mile west of the railway station, a blue 

 silt is exposed up to within 20 feet of the top of bluff. To show equally great 

 contrast in structure within a short range another well section is cited. It 

 is on the west bluff of the Kalamazoo River, about a mile south of Allegan 



'Wells of northern Indiana, by Frank Leverett: Water-Supply and Irrigation Papers, No. 21, 

 U. S. Geol. Survey. 



2 See Geological Survey of Michigan, Vol. V, 1895, part 2, p. 45; also Pis. XXX-XXXII. 



