366 THE ILLINOIS GLACIAL LOBE. 



up of sand beds alternating- with thin layers of cemented gravel. Wells in 

 Gobies, and for a mile or two north and south from this village, are from 

 50 to 60 feet in depth. They penetrate, just below the soil, a crust of 

 cemented sand, gravel, and clay, called "hardpan," about 2 feet in thick- 

 ness, beneath which are alternate beds of sand and gravel, loose and dry 

 as a rule, but cemented slightly in places. Usually a cemented layer is 

 passed through just«above the water. Wells in the gravel plain from 1 to 3 

 miles northeast of Gobies pass through 2 to 5 feet of hard, pebbly, reddish 

 clay called "hardpan." Below this is sand, loose gravel, and cemented 

 gravel. Wells are about 40 feet in depth and seldom penetrate any till or 

 clay except that just beneath the soil. 



A well in the northern part of sec. 18, Almena Township (T. 2 S., 

 R. 13 W.), on the farm of Robert Clark, is 86 feet in depth, and has the 

 following- section: 



Section of Clai-k well in Almena Township, Van Buren County, Michigan. 



Feet. 



Loamy sand 14 



Quicksand 2 



Blue-gray till 40 



Cemented gravel 14 



Fine sand 16 



Total 86 



Gravel and water at bottom. 



A large part of Waverly Township is underlain by till. Nearly half 

 of the township is swamp laud with very few inhabitants, but the portion 

 not swampy (northeastern part) has wells 35 feet or more in depth almost 

 entirely in till. This till is yellow or oxidized to a depth of at least 15 feet. 

 An elevated tract in the northwestern jDart of the township has a loamy 

 clay 2 to 4 feet and occasionally 10 to 12 feet in depth, below which is a 

 reddish-yellow till. Wells are only 20 to 25 feet in depth. 



There is a small flowing well district in the swamp along the Pawpaw 

 River, in the southwestern part of the township. All the wells of which 

 records were obtained are in the southern part of sec. 30. They are each 

 about 50 feet in depth. In one well the water rises nearly 10 feet above 

 the surface, but in the others only 1 to 4 feet. They penetrate a slightly 

 pebbly blue clay nearly the whole depth, there being scarcely any yellow 

 clay even at the surface. 



