THE VALPARAISO MORAINIC SYSTEM. 369 



A prominent knoll about a mile east of Bangor, rising 125 feet above 

 the station of the Chicago and West Michigan Railroad, or 775 feet above 

 tide, contains much fine sand which has been used in the iron furnace in 

 Bangor as molder's sand. There are gravel beds interstratified with it. 

 The exposure does not show the deeper structure of the hill. 



In Watervliet Township and in western Hartford Township the western 

 portion of the morainic belt has a deposit of till which is penetrated to a 

 depth of 20 to 40 feet in wells; but in eastern Hartford and Lawrence 

 townships the structure chang-es on rising to the higher portions of the 

 moraine, and wells are in sand or gravel much of their depth. There is, 

 however, on the lowland along Pawpaw River from Hartford to Watervliet 

 a sandy belt a mile or more in width in which wells penetrate sand or gravel 

 to a depth of 20 to 40 feet without encountering till. At Watervliet this 

 sand belt is very narrow, wells 80 rods south from the railway station pene- 

 trating much till. The sand and gravel is confined to a plain along the 

 river, which stands at about the level of the highest beach of Lake Chicago. 

 The ridges and undulatory tracts both north and south from this plain con- 

 tain much till. 



The rolling belt southwest from Coloma has a great depth of sand, so 

 that wells 35 to 50 feet- in depth penetrate little else. In the village of 

 Coloma wells encounter a variety of beds, of which the following section of 

 a well at Mr. Abram Smith's may be taken as representative: 



Section of well at Coloma, Berrien County, Michigan. 



Feet. 



Clay loam of yellow color 8 



Dry gravel and sand with bowlderets and bowlders embedded 13 



Cemented gravel 8 



Blue clay, apparently pebbleless 9 



Depth 38 



Wells on the ridge on the south side of the Pawpaw River, between 

 Coloma and . Watervliet, disclose much variation in structure. One well 

 may be largely in till, another on the same farm principally in sand or 

 gravel, while a third may have both assorted and unassorted drift. The 

 surface is more uniformly coated with a clay loam east of Coloma than it 

 is southwest. A well on the north side of Pawpaw River, near* Pawpaw 

 Lake, on the farm of Mr. Huntoon, penetrates: 

 mon xxxviii 24 



