372 THE ILLINOIS GLACIAL LOBE. 



A well on the border of the overwash apron in the southeastern part of 

 sec. 12, Lawrence Township, penetrated coarse gravel and cobble 84 feet 

 before striking water, and this well has the peculiarity of freezing over in 

 winter. Probably the outside air has access through the spaces in the gravel 

 and cobble beds to the water in the well. 



"Wells along the outer border of the moraine in southeastern Lawrence 

 Township (T. 3 S., R. 15 W.) and northwestern Hamilton (T. 4 S., R. 15 W.) 

 penetrate more till than do those nearer the Pawpaw River, many wells 25 

 to 40 feet in depth being largely in till, but there is occasionally a small 

 tract in which no till occurs. In such a tract in sec. 5, Hamilton Township, 

 there are two wells, each 110 feet deep, which penetrate sand and quick- 

 sand for 100 feet before reaching any gravel. A well in sec. 2, Keeler 

 Township, 85 feet in depth, is entirely in sand, while on adjoining farms 

 wells penetrate a considerable depth of till. 



The overwash apron which borders the moraine in Pawpaw, Lawrence, 

 Hamilton, and Keeler townships (Ts. 3 S., R. 14, 3 S., R. 15, 4 S., R. 15, 

 and 4 S., R. 16), Van Buren County, has wells 25 to 70 feet deep which 

 seldom penetrate any till, but are in assorted material, usually gravel, their 

 entire depth. There is a hardpan of slightly cemented gravelly clay loam 

 2 feet or more in depth just beneath the soil over much of this overwash 

 apron. At Keelerville wells are obtained at 30 to 40 feet. They penetrate 

 15 feet of loose gravel and sand just beneath the hardpan, then 12 to 15 

 feet of slightly cemented gravel, and strike water in uncemented gravel. 



On the moraine southwest of Keelerville are wells 45 to 100 feet in 

 depth which penetrate but little till as compared with those northeast of the 

 town. A well 5 miles distant, in the northwestern corner of Cass County, 

 was driven to a depth of 190 feet and passed first through a bed of gravel, 

 then through 125 feet of quicksand. 



Immediately west of this elevated gravelly portion of the moraine 

 which passes from Sister Lakes across the northwestern corner of Cass 

 County is a tract of land along Pipestone Creek whose surface is 100 to 130 

 feet lower than the moraine, and in a belt of this lower tract between 

 Pipestone Creek and the higher land extending for 4 or 5 miles south of 

 Pipestone Lake several flowing wells have been obtained. Information 

 concerning them was given by Robert Kingsley, a well borer, who has been 

 employed in sinking the wells. They usually range in depth from 80 to 

 125 feet, and are mainly through till, yellowish brown for 15 to 20 feet and 



