THE GLACIAL LAKE CHICAGO. 433 



sand deposits several feet in depth, which are slightly pebbly near the 

 bottom. 



North of Galien River, about 2 miles from New Buffalo, in sec. 36, 

 T. 7 S., R. 21 W., a well-defined gravel ridge sets in, which leads north about 

 a mile to the shore of Lake Michigan. It is 6 or 8 feet high, 20 to 30 rods 

 in width, and stands by surveyor's level 55 to 58 feet above Lake Michigan. 1 

 This appears to be the upper beach notwithstanding that sand deposits on 

 neighboring portions of Covert Ridge occur at 90 to 100 feet abort' the 

 lake. The presence of the sand at these higher levels seems referable to 

 wind transportation. 



For a mile or more north from the point where this gravel beach comes 

 to the lake, Covert Ridge forms the immediate bluff and rises nearly 90 feet 

 above lake level. A gravelly beach appears on its northwest slope at the 

 lake bluff, in sec, 19, T. 7 S., R. 20 W., and bears north of east to Lakeside 

 Station, on the Chicago and West Michigan Railway. The gravel has an 

 altitude at this station very nearly 60 feet above Lake Michigan, but in 

 connection with it there are sand deposits which increase the altitude of the 

 beach to nearly 70 feet above the lake. For a mile or more northeast from 

 Lakeside the beach lies a short distance east of the railway. It then crosses 

 to the west side, but is within a half mile of the railway for several miles 

 north. At Sawyer Station it is about as far west of the railway as at any 

 point, while at Bridgman it is along the railway track. It usually presents 

 a definite gravelly ridge a few feet high, capped in places by sand deposits 

 several feet in depth. The gravel seems to hold a uniform altitude about 

 60 feet above Lake Michigan. 



A sharp sand ridge follows the crest of Covert Ridge for a few miles in 

 the vicinity of Bridgman and becomes united with this beach about mid- 

 way between Bridgman and Stevensville. From that point to St. Joseph 

 the sand deposits are so heavy as to conceal the beach line. The sand 

 in places has a depth of 20 or 30 feet and is most prominent alono- the 

 crest of Covert Ridge. A short distance southeast of Bridgman it passes 

 down the outer slope of Covert Ridge in a definite belt and extends to the 

 valley of Galien River, near New Troy. The continuity of this belt of 

 sand is remarkable, especially since it lies in places a mile or more east 



1 Elevations determined by Mr. Glavin, formerly county purveyor. 

 MOM XXXVIII 28 



