LAKE MICHIGAN DRAINAGE BASIN. 539 



formed along the beaches of the old lake, and to a slight extent by till 

 ridges, as in the case of the portion of Calumet River in Porter County, 

 Indiana. This stream now has its mouth at South Chicago, in Illinois, but 

 a former channel carried its discharge eastward to the head of Lake Michi- 

 gan in northeastern Lake County, Indiana. There is a tradition that the 

 change to the present course was brought about by dragging canoes across 

 the low portage between Calumet River and Calumet Lake. 



TRAIL CREEK. 



This small tributary of Lake Michigan entering at Michigan City, 

 Indiana, owes its peculiar T-shaped drainage to the presence of a till ridge. 

 The arms of the T are formed by streams flowing on the outer or south 

 border of the ridge, which upon meeting pass through it and take a more 

 direct course toward Lake Michigan. 



GALIEN RIVER. 



The Galien River drainage system consists of two rivers, North Galien 

 and South Galien, which unite about 5 miles from the point where the 

 stream enters Lake Michigan, at New Buffalo, Michigan. The South Fork 

 has two branches, one of which, like the branches of Trail Creek, has a 

 course nearly parallel with the shore of Lake Michigan, caused by the 

 same till ridge which governs the course of the headwater portion of Trail 

 Creek. The other branch of the South Fork heads in the Valparaiso 

 morainic system and takes a general northwestward course toward the lake. 



The North Galien River has several headwater tributaries leading 

 down from the Valparaiso morainic system and uniting just outside the 

 outer till ridge of the Lake Border system. Upon passing through this 

 ridge the stream turns southwestward along a sag or narrow plain lying 

 between Outer and Covert ridges. Upon joining the South Galien River 

 the united stream passes through Covert Ridge and soon enters Lake 

 Michigan. 



ST. JOSEPH RIVER. 



This large eastern tributary of Lake Michigan has a drainage area of 

 about 4,000 square miles, exclusive of Pawpaw River, which joins it within 

 a mile of its mouth. Of this drainage area 3,550 square miles lie above 

 South Bend, Indiana, the point where the St. Joseph formerly connected 



