656 THE ILLINOIS GLACIAL LOBE. 



beds of peaty soil and sand which afford water for the flowing wells. In 

 one case, near the south border of the county, a buried peat was found to 

 have a depth of 30 feet, showing that a long interval must have elapsed 

 between the deposition of the sheets of drift which it separates. The time 

 need be no longer than has elapsed since the upper till sheet was deposited, 

 for in that same locality there is an instance of the penetration of peat to a 

 depth of 32 feet; there being a kettle-hole with an area of 5 acres which 

 lias peat of this thickness, as shown by a series of test borings made by Dr. 

 Ludden, of East Lynn. The thick deposit of buried peat just referred to 

 occurs in the midst of the hard tills and not at the junction of the soft till 

 with the hard till, there being 26 feet of hard brown till above the peat, 

 which in turn is overlain by 80 feet of soft till of the Wisconsin stage. 



INDIVIDUAL WELLS. 



At St. Mary's, in the northeast part of the county, wells are usually 

 obtained at about 40 feet. One well in the village, however, was sunk to a 

 depth of 140 feet without entering rock ; it passed through an old soil at 80 

 feet, and water from the lower portion of the well rose within 18 feet of the 

 surface. Three wells about a mile west of St. Mary's, at an altitude perhaps 

 20 feet lower, enter rock at 90 to 100 feet. The drift is mainly till, and 

 water rises within 20 feet of the surface, or to about 630 feet above tide. 

 East from St. Mary's several wells enter rock at about 100 feet, though 

 occasionally" a greater amount of drift is penetrated. For instance, in sec. 

 11, T. 28, R. 11 W., a well 176 feet in depth enters rock at 135 feet. The 

 drift is mainly blue till. Water rises from the rock to within 15 feet of the 

 surface. 



At the village of Papineau wells enter rock at 40 to 45 feet and water 

 rises within 5 feet of the surface. In the valley of Beaver Creek, north of 

 this village, at an elevation about 15 feet lower, several flowing wells have 

 been obtained, some being from the drift, others from the rock. 



In the vicinity of Martinton rock is entered at about 60 feet. A well 

 1 mile north of this village, 276 feet in depth, penetrates drift, mainly till, 

 60 or 65 feet; shale, 15 feet; mainly limestone, 196 feet. The water level 

 is 10 feet below the surface, or 620 feet above tide. 



At Pittwood several wells have been sunk to a depth of 100 to 130 





