762 THE ILLINOIS GLACIAL LOBE. 



100 feet above the bordering- plain, and are a continuation of the belt which 

 crosses southeastern Madison County, noted above. East of this belt there 

 are a few isolated knolls or groups of knolls which stand 30 to 50 feet or 

 more above the border plains. 



In the elevated limestone district on the west border of the county 

 there is but little glacial drift beneath the loess, but eastward from the belt 

 of drift ridges just noted the county is coated so heavily that wells seldom 

 reach the rock. The extreme southeast part of the county, however, has a 

 thin coating of drift, and wells often enter the rock. The drift ridges are 

 composed in part of till and in part of sand and gravel. A blue till is 

 found near the base, but the upper 30 or 40 feet is usually of brown or 

 yellow color. 



INDIVIDUAL WELLS. 



At East St. Louis, in the extreme northwest corner of the county, on 

 the low bottom of the Mississippi River, borings and bridge foundations 

 have jjenetrated 120 to 140 feet of fine sand, reaching a level about 100 

 feet below the low-water mark of the river before entering rock. Private 

 wells are obtained at a depth of about 35 feet. The public water supply 

 is pumped from the Mississippi River. 



At East Carondelet, also in the Mississippi bottoms, about 6 miles 

 below East St. Louis, wells are usually obtained at a depth of about 40 

 feet, but Mr. H. L. Pugh has driven several wells to a depth of 60 feet. 

 The upper 40 feet is a fine sand, but the lower 20 feet is a fine gravel or 

 coarse sand. Piles driven. at the foundation of the Meier Iron Works are 

 thought to have struck solid rock at a depth of 90 feet, or a level nearly 

 60 feet below the low-water mark of the river. 



On the Mississippi bluff in the northwest part of the county the loess 

 ranges in thickness from 20 to about 50 feet, and the few wells which are 

 made in that region are usually sunk some distance into the underlying 

 rock. The residents usually depend upon cistern water. 



At Millstadt the best wells are obtained in rock at a depth of 25 to 40 

 feet. A test boring made at this village reached a depth of 620 feet. The 

 water has a head 75 feet below the surface and there is only a small amount, 

 estimated at about 4 gallons per minute. 



