WELLS OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. 787 



are through a silt or clay for a few feet in their upper portion, but the greater 

 part of the section is sand. Gravel is entered near the bottom, which is 

 probably Tertiary. As noted above, wells on the low plain leading from 

 Metropolis northwest to the Cache are occasionally sunk to a depth of 

 75 feet. They are largely through a fine sand, but enter gravel at bottom, 

 probably Tertiary. 



At Olmsted wells obtain water in some cases at 35 feet, but a well on 

 a low hill northeast of the station, standing 140 feet above the Ohio, reached 

 a depth of 81 feet. The lower 60 feet was entirely a Tertiary gravel. 



At Brooklyn (Pellonia post-office) the river bank is about 45 feet above 

 low water of the Ohio and there is Tertiary gravel to within 15 feet of the 

 top. Wells obtain water in this gravel near the river level. 



In the vicinity of Rosebud, in Pope County, where the altitude is 

 nearly 250 feet above the river, there is a heavy deposit of Tertiary gravel 

 in which wells have occasionally reached a depth of 100 feet without enter- 

 ing rock, but on neighboring farms at similar altitude rock may be entered 

 at 25 or 50 feet. 



At Golconda wells are usually obtained in the Ohio bottoms at a depth 

 of 30 to 40 feet. A well made by Mr. George Boos, at a level probably 

 65 feet above low water in the Ohio, reached a depth of 136 feet without 

 entering rock. The best water vein was at about 40 feet. Wells on the 

 bluff also reach water at only 30 or 40 feet, in sandstone. 



