1889.] 173 



reddish or reddish-black. Feeding in silken galleries in the small patches of 

 Hepatica, which grow on smooth barked trees, as lilac, ash, &c. There is no 

 visible external sign of the presence of the larva within the tufts of liverwort ; but 

 if these are gently sundered from the trunks, the galleries at once become visible : 

 these are of thick white silk, covered with gnawings from the bark and debris of the 

 liverwort. Pupa within the gallery, long, pointed, shining red. 



The larva had already been detected in Germany, for Sorhagen, 

 in his work above mentioned, p. 104, says, " Larva in tubular galleries 

 among tree-moss (Anton Schmid), in rotten wood of Prunus domes- 

 tica, Cerastes, Quercus, Betula, &c. (Koch and others)." In the latter 

 cases, the larvae will probably have fed in the moss growing on the 

 dead wood. The generic name Eccopsis must give place to Exartema, 

 Clem., cf. Snell, p. 285. 



GrRAPHOLITHA LITTORANA, Const. 



This species, described under this name in the Anu. Soc. Ent. Er., 

 1865, p. 190, is nothing but Acroclita consequana ; the description 

 both of larva and imago tallying exactly. It seems as if it were fated 

 to suffer from a superabundance of names. Herrich-Schaffer, after 

 first calling it consequana in his plates, altered the name to subsequana, 

 iv, p. 247, because Zeller had already called a species consequana ; in 

 the Ent. Ann. for 1856, p. 33, it is recorded as Hawkerana, after Eev. 

 Mr. Hawker, who, in company with Mr. S. Stevens, discovered it in 

 England, on Hayling Island. In 1859, it was re-christened twice : 

 first as arctana, by Staudinger, S. E. Z., 1859, p. 232, and also by 

 Milliere, in his Icon., as Mulsantana. In Staudinger and Wocke's 

 Catalogue it occurs twice more : on p. 251, as Aphelia littorana 

 (lanceolanae var. ?), and on p. 256, as Semasia littorana (but the last 

 quotation is corrected in the corrigenda, p. 425). 



I believe Zeller's consequana, Isis, 1847, 733, is the same species. 

 The localities given for it are, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain ; for consequana, 

 H.-S., Central Erance, Andalusia,. Sardinia, England. 



It is not generally known that the species is double-brooded ; the 

 second brood feeding through October, and emerging in May of the 

 following year. 



Tinea elavescentella, Haw. 



" Larva in a case like that of pellionella, but rather larger, and more fluffy. 

 Full-fed before winter, when it affixes its case ; whereas, pellionella feeds the winter 

 through." 



Tinea merdella, Z., I am told by Lord Walsingham is a synonym 

 of flavescentella. 



