1889.] 413 



p. 215, but as Pachytylus cinerascens, Fab., probably after referring to L. Fischer's 

 work, where Jlavipes, Gmel., is given as synonymous with cinerascens, Fab., and this 

 specimen is now in the British Museum Collection, amongst the others labelled 

 fiavipes. Fischer most likely never saw Donovan's figure or description, and gives 

 the reference to him " teste Steph." (Orth. Eur., p. 395). Brunner, in his Prod, 

 der Eur. Orth., seems simply to have copied Fischer's mistake, and he quotes Dono- 

 van as calling the species Pachytylus Jlavipes, whereas Donovan called it Gryllus 

 fiavipes, the name Pachytylus of course not having been proposed by Fieber until 

 about fifty years later. 



M. grossus is distributed widely over Northern Europe and in 

 Spain in marshy localities, and will, I expect, be found fairly plentiful 

 in our fen districts when properly looked for. 



ii.— STENOBOTHBUS, Fischer (figs. 3, 4, 5). 

 This genus includes our common field grasshoppers. There are 

 found in Europe, according to Brunner, 27 species, and of these six 

 at any rate occur in Britain. Stephens (Mandib., vi) describes many 

 others, in several cases copying correct descriptions from Charpentier 

 while applying them to specimens to which a more careful examination 

 at once shows they could not refer. The British Museum Collection, 

 and some of the old collections which I have had an opportunity of 

 examining during the last few years, were in an almost hopeless state 

 of muddle ; several distinct species being in some cases included under 

 one name, and on the other hand, one species has been split up under 

 many different names. Stephens described several species as new, 

 depending chiefly on difference in coloration, but this is of scarcely 

 any specific value, and not only is this so with regard to the genus 

 Stenobothrus, but also in all the Ortlwptera ; the differences in colora- 

 tion seem to be chiefly protective (vide St. parallelus, infra). 



Brunner divides the genus into five groups, which will be found very useful in 

 identifying the species, they are — 



1. The group of St. lineatus, Panz., with a tooth at the base of the ovipositor, and 



strikingly greater discoidal area with regular reticulations. 



2. The group of St. niorio, Fab., with the peculiarity that the two ulnar veins though 



divided at the base unite again after a short distance. (We have no repre- 

 sentative of this group, unless St. apricarius should prove British). 



3. The group of St. viridulus, L., with the narrow undilated marginal area. 



4. The group of St. biguttulus, L., with the dilated marginal area and prominent 



lateral carinse. 



5. The group of St. elegans, Charp., and St. parallelus, Zett., with dilated marginal 



area and almost parallel ridges of the pronotum. 



In this genus the vertex is triangular and is not produced far forward, the 

 foveolse are well marked and are generally of an oblongo-rhomboidal shape, with the 



