1889.] 441 



commonly, alar exp., 38 mm., exactly resembling the types of var. 

 Fingal, given me by Dr. Staudinger. A. Pales — caught on the 

 Dovref jeld, and also on the heights above Ormeim ; both of these seem 

 identical with the form lapponica. A. LatJionia — one taken at Paleide. 

 This is a very fine insect, alar exp., 53 mm., larger than any other in 

 my collection. A. Niole, var. Eris (50 mm.) — I have one of the same 

 size taken by me in the Alps ; the under surface of the posterior- 

 wings in this specimen is of an unusually pale colour, 'but, of course ; 

 in a single example this may be only accidental. 



Erebia lappona —common at Jerkin, and taken also near the snow 

 line on Storhatten, above Ormeim. The lower wings on the inferior 

 surface of my Dovrefjeld specimens are, as a rule, not as pale a grey 

 as my Swiss examples ; but this varies, and in one Lapland insect the 

 grey colour is perfect. E. ligea — the typical form of ligea, as it 

 occurs in the warmer valleys of Switzerland, is a large and very hand- 

 some Erebia. The alar expanse of average specimens from Interlachen 

 is, in the male, 50 mm., in the female, 53 mm. 



The fore-wings are of a rich dark velvet-brown, with a marginal red band near 

 the tip* extending nearly the whole breadth, this contains three or four black dots, 

 the third of which is usually the smallest, and often deficient ; the two upper and 

 the fourth or lowest have most frequently a white central pupil ; the inferior wings 

 are the same rich colour, with the same marginal band, but divided into partitions 

 by the veins, and in the three lower partitions, sometimes in tbe upper ones also, is a 

 black spot, with generally a white central pupil. On the under surface, the upper 

 wings are a paler brown, with a fulvous band, and the lower wings are also paler than 

 on the upper surface ; the marginal band being reduced to three or four red eyes, with 

 black pupils, having for the most part a white centre, but the position of the mar- 

 ginal band is outlined by a more or less continuous white line, sometimes very 

 strongly marked. 



Tbe Norwegian specimens vary from 40 to 50 mm. in alar expanse, and are of a 

 darker colour than the Swiss form, the band and spots are much the same, save that, 

 as a rule, the spots are smaller and less frequently ocellated, although some females 

 have the white central pupils well marked. On the under surface the red colour of 

 the band is frequently suffused over the other portion of the fore-wing, and in the 

 lower-wings the white band seems rarely much extended beyond the spot which 

 marks its commencement. This insect is very abundant in many parts of Norway. 

 It seems to me a transition to the ordinary form of Euryale of the High Alps, the 

 following description being taken from a typical male caught at Zermatt : — alar 

 expanse, 45 mm. Fore-wings dark black -brown, with a marginal red band, narrower 

 towards the internal border. This band contains three ocellated spots, the two upper 

 confluent, inferior-wings also deep brown, with the position of the band indicated 

 by five semicircular red spots, three of which have black eyes, two of these having 

 white pupils. On the lower surface the upper wings have their ground-colour strongly 

 tinged with red, shading from the marginal band, whilst the lower wings are dull 

 brown, with two eye spots, black with white centres, answering to the ocelli above, 

 with a slight, faintly-marked red ring round each, and no trace of the white line. 



