68 Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society Vol. IX 



1791-1848 coincides with the Spanish-Colonial period in Cali- 

 fornia. 



1 849-1 859, Mexican boundary survey and Pacific Railroad sur- 

 vey; the gold period. 



1860-1870, the State Geological Survey. 



1870-1890, following the opening of the transcontinental rail- 

 roads. 



1890 to the present — the period of the two large Universities. 



During the first period several early voyages of adventure took 

 place, and on most of them natural history specimens were col- 

 lected, chiefly botanical, but including a few insects. The Rus- 

 sians, especially, were quite active and in their progress south- 

 ward along the coast from Siberia and Alaska, they did much to 

 advance the knowledge of the natural history of the regions. In 

 California several posts, partly fur trading and partly military, 

 were established, chiefly in Sonoma County, where several Rus- 

 sian naturalists collected. Fischer collected in the Aleutian Is- 

 lands, chiefly Coleoptera; Eschscholtz, Chamisso, Mannerheim, 

 Maeklin and Motschulsky all collected insects, mostly beetles. 

 The Russian- American Fur Co. was at Bodega in 1820; and in 

 that year Ft. Ross on the Russian River was established. Wran- 

 gel and Wosnessensky were here. Dr. Wosnessensky was on 

 Mt. St. Helena, June 12, 1841 ; he collected plants and insects. 

 The butterflies were described by Menetries, a Russian entomolo- 

 gist; the western dog's head butterfly was first named wosnesen- 

 ski^ for him, and there are others collected by this naturalist. 



In 1816 J. F. Eschscholtz and Adalbert von Chamisso accom- 

 panied Captain Kotzebue in the brig " Rurik," on an expedition 

 around the world; they landed in October at San Francisco and 

 on the Yerba Buena Island; among the beetles and other insects 

 collected were a few butterflies, one of them, Melitcea chalcedon.^ 

 Dr. Behr told me he saw the type in the Berlin Museum, where 

 the collections were placed. The party visited also San Jose 

 and Monterey. The California poppy was named in honor of 



* This well-known species is generally listed now as eurydice Boisduval, 

 1855. He later redescribed it as lorquini. Reakirt tried to establish a 

 variety, Helena, which has fallen into the synonymy. 



t One wonders at the lapse of years until this species was named by 

 Doubleday and Hewitson. 



