452 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TEEEITOEIES. 



perfect state. By the time we reached the north end of this valley, 

 about the 20th of June, they were taking wing and i^roceeding south- 

 ward. Here, the farmers, who have observed them closely for a number 

 of years, say that they never lay their eggs in the lower level of the 

 valley, but universally on the gravelly, elevated terraces. So positive 

 are they on this point that one farmer, to test the matter, last year 

 offered five dollars for every bunch of eggs that could be found on the 

 lower valley-level which had been deposited there by the insect itself, 

 but none w^ere brought to him. I think, therefore, we may conclude 

 that it is pretty well settled that the usual hatching- grounds of the 

 destructive swarms are on the gravelly terraces or uplands. Yet that 

 considerable numbers are hatched in the narrow caiions of the moder- 

 ately elevated mountains I think is also certain, as I observed this year 

 a large number of larvse in Box Elder Caiion, but the elevation of this 

 canon is little, if any, more than that of Cache Valley. When I re- 

 turned to Salt Lake Basin, early in August, I found the country swarm- 

 ing with myriads of these grasshoppers. And even after we had passed 

 eastward on the railroad, to the heights near Aspen Station, I noticed 

 the air filled with their snowy wings, but could not tell exactly the 

 course they Avere taking, but thought they were moving southwest. 



As this species has never been described in its preparatory state, I 

 give here a short description of the pupa, written in the field with 

 myriads of living specimens around me : 



General color yellow, (sometimes varied to light brown, and at others 

 a pale pea- green,) with a large proportion of black spots and stripes, 

 also a few white dots and lines; labrum and lower part of the fixce 

 mostly black ; upper part of the face, the vertex, and cheeks yellow, 

 (or the prevailing color;) a row of black dots on each margin of the broad, 

 sulcate, frontal costa ; occiput with two lateral and one median dotted 

 lines of black ; a broad line of deep black starts behind each eye, and 

 crosses over the entire length of the pronotum, widening and bowing 

 upward near the middle of the pronotum ; the immature, somewhat 

 fan-shaped elytra are black, with a white dot on the disk near the base, 

 from which proceed about ten or twelve white rays ; the dorsal or upper 

 margin yellow ; dorsal and lateral portions of the abdomen varied with 

 white and black ; a triangular black dot on each side of each segment ; 

 tip and venter yellowish. 



C. Turnl)ullii, nov. sp. PI. 11, fig. 10. 



Pale olive-green, with a white stripe along each side of the dorsum ; 

 elytra and wings shorter than the abdomen. Closely allied to G. mridis, 

 Thos. 



Vertex with a broad, shallow sulcus, into which a minute raised 

 line or carina (not always apparent) enters from the rear ; frontal costa 

 flat, slightly divergent on the posterior lobe; lateral obtuse carinas some- 

 M^hat more distinct * than in C. viridis. Elytra and wings a little shorter 

 than the abdomen; cerci of the male flat, narrow, and tapering; last 

 ventral segment with a blunt tubercle below the margin; posterior 

 femora rather more than usually enlarged near the base, about as long 

 as the abdomen; prosternal spine somewhat cfuadrate, but tapering 

 rapidly. The females are thick and fleshy. 



Color, (dried after immersion in alcohol.) — Dull yellow, or testaceous ; 



*Yet these are really not true carinss, but only the obtusely rounded shoulders 

 or lateral margins of the pronotum. And I doubfc very much the propriety of calling 

 these rounded angled carinse in any of the Calopteni, as this use of the term leads to 

 confusion, as, in fact, no species of CalojJtcnus have true lateral cariuse to the pronotum. 



