GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 19 



nowmarked by three distinct species which they have in common — Jug- 

 lans appressa, Cinnamomum Mississippiense, and Magnolia Hilgardiana. 

 But it is evidently a geological and not an isothermal relation ; for all the 

 Arctic types described from Evanston — Populus arctica, Fopulus Bichard- 

 soniy Corylus MacQuarrii, Vitis OlriM,&c. — are absent from the Tertiary 

 of the Mississippi. 



FISCHER PEAK, RATON MOUNTAINS. 



By far the most interesting locality, on account of the data derived 

 from it, for comparison of geological station as also of geographical dis- 

 tribution, is that of Fischer's Peak, in the Eaton Mountains, north of the 

 New Mexico Territory. On. one side, the fossil flora of this locality 

 affords evidence of the same age as that of Evanston and of the Missis- 

 sippi, referable to both by the more remarkable species recognized from 

 its specimens. With Evanston, it has in common, Populus mutabilis, 

 Platanas Guillelmce, Cinnamomum Mississippiense, Andromeda Gray ana, 

 Magnolia Hilgardiana, Carpolithes palmar urn, ov six species in the twenty- 

 two determined from its remains. With the Mississippi Tertiary flora 

 it has as identical species, Populus mutabilus, Populus monodon, Quercus 

 cliloropltylla, Laurus pedata, Cinnamomum Mississippiense, Magnolia, 

 Lcsleyana, Magnolia Hilgardiana, Juglans appressa, or eight species. If 

 we consider that this identity is for representatives of genera of distant 

 affinity, which at the same time are all, except Cinnamomum, character- 

 istic of our present flora — Populus, Quercus, Magnolia, Juglans, even 

 Palms ; if we consider still that this identity is rendered positive by the 

 peculiar and easily ascertained characters of the species, we can but see 

 here and acknowledge an evident proof of the homogeneity of the North 

 American Tertiary flora in comparing it even at great distances under 

 the same latitude. The difference between the two points of comparison 

 is about 15° of longitude. On another side, this identity of species with 

 Evanston by a few Arctic types — Populus mutabilis, Platanus Guillelmw, 

 Andromeda Gray ana, and by southern types like Quercus chlorophylla, 

 Laurus pedata, two Magnolias, fruits of the Palms — positively confirm the 

 assertion of the former report, p. 311, that though the Tertiary flora of 

 the Northwest is connected by identical forms with the Arctic flora 

 of the same epoch, it already indicates, by a number of its species, cli- 

 matic differences, according to latitude, as distinct as we see them in the 

 arborescent vegetation of our time. Palm-trees at the Eocenic times 

 were mixed to the flora, not only at Evanston but farther North at Fort 

 Union. But at Fischer's Peak remains of Palms are more numerous 

 nearly one-half of the specimens of this locality representing fragments 

 of leaves, fruits, stems, &c., of a Sabal. In the Mississippi specimens, 

 the remains of two species of Palm are equally abundant. 



REMARKS ON TYPICAL ANALOGY OF OUR PRESENT FLORA WITH THAT 



OF THE TERTIARY. 



Little can be said on this question in addition to the remarks in Ee- 

 port, p. 3l4. The analogy of types of our present flora with those of the 

 Tertiary becomes more evident in proportion to the progress of the re- 

 searches. Two more of the North American genera of the present time 

 are now recognized in the Northwest Tertiary — Morns and Ampelopsis. 

 The discovery of a fossil species of Mulberry does not indicate for this 

 country the origin of the numerous species of the same genus which 

 have now representatives in the tropical regions of the whole world, but 



