156 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 



Omaha. It is about two hundred and fifty feet high, and forms another 

 illustration of the peculiar style of weathering by which rocks assume 

 the appearance of animals. This column has been very aptly called the 

 Dog's Head, to which it will be seen at a glance that the summit bears 

 a resemblance. 



The peculiar form of stratification, with the varied texture, sometimes 

 a fine sandstone, then a fine pudding-stone, is well shown in many 

 localities, and the same variations of structure on a still larger scale 

 may be seen throughout the valley of Echo and portions of Weber Canon. 

 The inclination of the strata is also well shown. The base is composed 

 of rather fine sandstone, but these sandy layers are not permament over 

 areas, but often within a distance of a few feet run into coarse, massive 

 conglomerate. 



Hanging Rock presents to us one of the most striking views in this 

 region, and is a mass of coarse conglomerate, overhanging its base 

 about fifty feet. It overlooks Echo City and the valley of Weber, through 

 which a beautiful stream of pure mountain water winds its way. On 

 the opposite side of the Weber the partially-rounded, grassy foot-hills 

 of the Wasatch Mountains may be distinctly seen. The Weber Eiver 

 also flows a portion of its way through a monoclinal valley, the abrupt, 

 nearly perpendicular sides of the conglomerate bluffs rising up like 

 gigantic walls eight hundred to one thousand feet, while on the left the 

 gently-sloping sides of the inner series of ridges are well displayed. 

 The isolated rounded mass, which seems to stand alone, and almost 

 ready to tumble into the valley below, is quite firmly seated on its bed 

 of sandstone, and the corresponding portions may be seen forming the 

 base of the hanging rocks. I call attention to these strata of sandstone 

 as a matter of geological interest. High above the bed of the Weber, 

 eight hundred feet or more, rises the conglomerate bluff, with nearly 

 perpendicular sides, and from its summit one can survey the country 

 for a long distance in every direction, and enjoy the multitude of most 

 attractive views offered. 



As we descend Echo Valley, we emerge from the canon around Pulpit 

 Eock, and shoot our way with wonderful rapidity down the picturesque 

 valley of the Weber. We shall observe that, as we descend the Eclio 

 Canon, the more rugged picturesque scenery is exhibited on our right 

 hand, and as we descend the Weber, the same lofty perpendicular walls, 

 weathered here and there into all sorts of fantastic forms, continue to 

 the Narrows, where the Weber Eiver makes a bend to the left, and the 

 conglomerates disappear. This formation, which in some respects is the 

 most remarkable one which I have ever seen in the West, must have 

 a thickness of three thousand to five thousand feet. The conglomerate 

 portion above must be one thousand five hundred to two thousand feet 

 in thickness. I have included in this group all the variegated beds 

 which we have observed west of Carter's Station, and we have noticed 

 especially that some shade of red has prevailed in the clays and sands, 

 as well as in the conglomerates of this group. Some of the sandstones 

 in the upper portion of Echo Canon are noticeable for their deep yellow 

 hue. I have called this series of beds the Wasatch Group. How great 

 the area occupied by these formations I have never ascertained. I 

 regard them, however, as forming the materials deposited in one of the 

 great lake basins of the middle tertiary period, the history of which, if 

 we knew it, would be too long and tedious for this volume. But if fine 

 sands require moving waters for their deposition, what kiud of aqueous 

 forces must have been employed to transport these boulders into this 

 lake-basin ? From whence were they derived, and what were the powers 



