144 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
In Martivs’s Flora Brasiliensis he worked up Triuridaceae, Cactaceae, 
Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Bignoniaceae, and 
Rubiaceae; and for ENGLER and Prantt’s Die natiirlichen Pflanzen- 
jamilien, in addition to the above mentioned families, he treated Chlaena- 
ceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Apocynaceae. Of mono- 
graphs there exist from his pen Marantaceae, Musaceae, and Zingiberaceae 
in ENGLER’s Pflanzenreich; and Sterculiaceae in ENGLER’s Monographien 
ausgewahlter afrikanischer Pflanzenjamilien. As an independent work 
he published the Gesamtbeschreibung des Cacteen and Iconographia Cacta- 
cearum. The new species he described may be numbered by hundreds, 
probably by thousands, especially notable among them being those of 
tropical Africa. For the most part they were published in ENGLER'S 
Botanische Jahrbiicher. 
Among the phytogeographic works of SCHUMANN are Flora von Kaiser- : 
Wilhelmsland, in which he was assisted by LAUTERBACH; Flora von New- 
Pommern; and Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete. Of his biological and 
didactical treatises the most important are his investigations on myrmeco- 
philous plants, and two text-books on systematic botany, Lehrbuch der 
systematischen Botanik and Prakticum fiir morphologische und systemal- 
ische Botanik, the latter appearing after his death. Among his pharma- 
ceutical contributions are the new edition of BERG and ScHMIDT'S Allas 
der ojjicinellen Pflanzen, observations on Hydrastis and Podophyllum, 
and several articles on plants yielding caoutchouc and kola. An 
his biographical works are numerous necrologies of well-known botanists; 
and his editorship of Just’s Jahrbuch must not be forgotten. 
_ The starting-point of ScuumaNN’s morphological investigations deat 
his studies on the development of the organs of flowers. These inte 
him most deeply and allowed him to show in a striking manner his mast 
descriptive powers. On observations of this kind were based his pe 
on the borragoid, on the monochasia, on the ramification of Pandanus; 
as well as his studies in regard to the morphology of flowers, the fe 
of which he published in his voluminous work Ueber den Bliitenansoe" 
f the prev 
theory of the purely formal morphology of flowers. He showed solih 
comparison and the consideration of teratological facts lead to the 
erroneous ideas, if it is desired to account for the position o! 
in their causal connection. The only way to advance the ene 
morphology of flowers, he claimed, is to apply the principles w pie ieaves 
DENER had employed in his mechanical theory of the position pee ScHv- 
in relation to the vegetative organs. It must not be concealed 
