Lae 
het 
ne BOTANICAL GAZETTE (sxeraiaian 
The numerous types of meadows are treated in an interesting manner, 
Besides giving a complete description of each type with its various modifications, 
he contrasts meadows differing only in the direction of the slope, and others 
differing only in the character of the soil, thus showing the great ecological sig- 
nificance of these factors. 
There are many commendable features about the work which will make it 
_ a suggestive model for future studies of similar small areas, not the least impor- 
tant of these being the lucid literary style—G. H. SHut 
NOTES FOR STUDENTS. 
SHIBATA’ proposes to designate as amidases certain enzymes found in the 
mycelium of Aspergillus niger, which spilt off ammonia from urea, biuret, and 
certain acid amides. They have nothing in common with the proteolytic enzymes. 
one B. 
gee TERNETZ? finds in peat and peaty soils at least one fungus which 
is capable of fixing free N from the air. The fungus has a much branched 
septate mycelium and forms brown pycnidia which contain very small hyaline 
spores. It acts less energetically but more economically than Clostridium Pas 
teurianum.—C. R. B. 
LicNrer,? in an interesting comparison of the structures of Equisetales and 
i and of both with the structures of other pteridophytes, reaches 
the conclusion that these two groups, although differing in certain 
particulars, really form one group, for which he proposes the name “ Articulées.” 
He further concludes that all the ‘‘Articulées” have a common ancestry, which 
was probably the most ancient Filicineae. —j MG 
Licyters has discussed the nature of the so-called “flowers” of Gnetales in 
relation to similarly named structures in other gymnosperms and in angi 
He concludes that the staminate “flower” of Gnetales is a simple flower, and does 
not differ essentially from the much reduced flower of angiosperms; but thatthe 
ovulate “flower” is a very complex structure, really representing an inflo : 
excessively reduced and condensed, and therefore could not be age as 
Stage between the other gymnosperms and the angiosperms. —J.M ; 
TKENO, in reviewing and discussing the literature of the ed 
Eee 
Pilzen. 
*Surpata, K., Uber das Vorkommen von Amidespaltenden Enzymen - 
Zeits. — A obeteni 5: 384-394. 1904. kstofls durch eit 
z, CHARLOTTE, Assimilation des atmosphirischen Sti : 
ose Pilz. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesells. 22:267-274- 1904 éenne com 
*Licnter, O., Equisétales et Sphénophyllales. Leur origine filicin 
mune. Bull. Soc Vi. Normandie V. '7:93-137. 1903- des gymar” 
+ Licnirr, O. , La fleur des Gnétacées est-elle intermédiaire entre aha 1. 1903 
Spermes et celle des angiospermes? Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie V. 7: Be saui-aeh 
hi ; mi S., Blepharoplasten im Pflanzenreich. Biol. Centrabl. 24° 
PES. 3. 19 
