me 
308 BOTANICAL GAZETTE foctoner _ 
tome and hadrome. The results show the greatest diversity of structure, even 
among the most closely allied forms. An interesting observation is that while 
the roots of our terrestrial orchids form mycorhizas, this is not true of all the roots 
of the same species, nor of the same individual.—J. M. C. 
WEsTGATE has been making a study of the reclamation of sand dunes 
on Cape Cod.'7 The ecological relations of the vegetation are first treated. 
Ecological factors, mode of sand deposition, development of the range of dunes, 
natural reclamation, the vegetation of areas which receive gradual accumulations 
of sand, of areas which receive no such accumulations, and of marshes and bogs 
are briefly discussed. An account is given of the devastating effects of the dune 
sand on adjoining areas, and of the means that have been employed to check 
them. At no other place in this country have artificial plantings in dune sand 
been carried on so extensively or for so long a time as there.—H. C. COWLES. 
Brirron'® has made a study of some rather extensive sand plains in the 
neighborhood of New Haven, Conn., especial attention being paid to the 
anatomy of the more typical plants. Perhaps the most characteristic species 
are Andropogon scoparius and Juniperus virginiana. A fact of much interest 
is that several species of swamp plants were found on the plains; ¢ £+ Nyssa 
sylvatica, Aronia arbutifolia, Vaccinium corymbosum, Kalmia angustijolia, Mes 
verticillata, Rosa carolina. In the anatomical portion of the paper, P™ 
ic that is often 
attention is paid to the anatomy of the subterranean organs, a top! 
superficially treated or even ignored in treatises that are otherwise satisfactory 
A number of interesting details are presented, for which recourse mt t be had to 
the original—H. C. Cow1es. 
STUDIES ON THE PLANT CELL is the title of a series of articles in which ae 
proposes to describe the chief structures and functions of the plant cell cell; 
subject will be treated under the following heads: (1) structures of the eee 
(2) the activities of the plant cell; (3) highly specialized plant cells 
peculiarities; (4) cell unions and nuclear fusions; (5) cell ape 
periods in the ontogeny of plants; (6) comparative morphology and under 
of the plant cell. The opening paper deals with the first of these pene al 
the subheads: (1) protoplasmic contents; (2) non-protoplasmic on 
(3) the cell wall. A list of fifty-five papers 1s ne ee philosophic 
students inte" 
While the subject is in such a condition that critic 
speculation is unsafe, a summary of the literature will be useful to 
ested in this subject—CHARLES J. CHAMBERLAIN. 
SIRS ee etin n0- % 
Cod sand dunes. Bull 
6. 1904- 
Bull. Torr: Be 
17 WESTGATE, J. M., Reclamation of Cape 
Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. pp- 3° pls. 
18 Britton, W. E., Vegetation of the North Haven sand plains. 
Club 30:571-620. 1903. 2, 190 
367-395: figs. F-3- 
r9Davis, B. M., Studies on the plant cell. Amer. Nat. 38: 
