1904] SHULL—PLACE-CONSTANTS FOR ASTER 351 
five prominent modes. The positive skewness is not so marked as 
in the bracts and rays, but inspection of the curve will show plainly 
that the theoretical mode is below the mean, though the principal 
apparent mode nearly coincides with the mean. The standard 
deviation is 9.703 ++ .168 and the coefficient of variability 21.595 +.374. 
4. Summation, 1900 and 1903.—The more important constants 
for bracts, rays, and disk-florets are given in Tables E, F, and G, 
long with the corresponding data for 1900 and the summation of 
the two lots. The summation-curves- of bracts, rays, and disk- 
TABLE E. 
CONSTANTS OF BRACTS FOR 1900, 1903, AND THEIR SUM. 
Igo0 1903 Combined 
i 757 1415 
one 44.044 38.597 41.130 
Meg + .150 So 13! 
34, 39, 29-30, 34. 39; 32, 34) 
Modes, empirical {5s at, 46, {3 41, 
Fae 43, 49 49, 53 43) 49 
“ois pee 5-717 692 7-333 
ee + .106 aga + .093 
aera 12.979 19.928 17-775 
a 41 + «345 4,225 
a bo 
TABLE F. 
ee ANTS OF RAYS FOR 1900, 1903, AND THEIR SUM. 
1900 1903 Combined 
| 
Number USE eee 
Mean. °°" ¥s 658 57 141s 
Reg": 28.038 25.247 20.545 
ee + .107 + .122 + .086 
‘ y *Mpirical 
Feats bc 27> 31, 33 16, 22, 26, 33 16, 22, 26, 31, 33 
Se a 4.070 4-990 4-792 
See + .076 + .087 + .061 
REY ez 14.516 19.764 18.052 
. a pare + .344 mah 
lores, ¢ 
“ with the two partial curves of which each is com- 
c. aly In figs. 11, 12,and 13. These curves are all reduced 
| te method i 500 units, in order to facilitate comparison, and 
“Werposed of “loaded ordinates” is used to allow the curves to be | 
