404 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
same shrub, showing variation in the shape of the leaf as a character 
of the twig. ig. 3, c shows single leaves from other parts of the same 
shrub, illustrating variation in single leaves. Figs. 3, d, e represent 
the characters of the shrubs as the varying entities; the shrub from 
which jig. 3, d was made bore conspicuously narrow leaves through- 
out, while fig. 3, e is from an example of the well-known bullate 
variety. This strain is so pronounced that it has been regarded as 
worthy of a distinct name; but it intergrades with the more typical 
form, and flat more or less spiny leaves are sometimes found on the 
same shrubs with the most bullate ones. 
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DVYDOV ° (( el 
Fic. 3.—Quercus dumosa: a, all the leaves of a twig; 5, all the leaves of a pes 
from same plant; c, single leaves from same plant; d, leaves of a twig of a bush wit 
prevailing narrow leaves; e, leaves from the bullate variety. 
ee op aes wee ae oe 
Quercus WIsLizENI A. DC. 
In the Santa Cruz peninsula Q. Wislizeni is a characteristi 
of the hilltops. In its typical situations it is less constantly and 
conspicuously variable in shape than the two species just considered. 
In protected spots it varies more noticeably, but as the influence of 
the environment may be directly expressed in these cases, they are 
left out of account. About Chico this is the common live oak of the 
valley, and is also common in the hills, and is as variable as Q. chryso- 
lepis or Q. dumosa in that region. As in these, variation is by the 
tree, the branch or twig, or the single leaf. The difference between 
neighboring twigs on the same tree is illustrated by fig. 4- 
c tree 
