1904]  COPELAND—VARIATION OF CALIFORNIA PLANTS 415 
Ceanothus papillosus T. & G. is strictly confined’to ridges in the 
fog belt, and is correspondingly constant. C. thyrsiflorus Esch. 
Comes farther down the mountains, but not to their foot, and 
avoids exposed situations. The subjects of fig. 6, 6 were collected 
in the same place with those of fig. 6, a, at the same time and in the 
same way, before I realized that there was a difference in the varia- 
bility of the two species, or suspected the reason for it. The contrast 
of the two is very striking. 
Il. 
Some time ago I published a very brief note on some freak ferns 
found in West Virginia, and suggested at the same time the interest 
f such freaks when the relation of minor and more conspicuous 
0) O@ 
| a, Ceanothus sorediatus: largest leaves of six shrubs. 8, C. thyrsifiorus: 
atgest leaves of five shrubs. 
6%. 
wee mw tae ee ee eee 
Yanlations was being vigorously disputed. Since that time the muta- 
~ theory has lost none of its interest and probably none of its pres- 
"ge: Meantime 1 have collected many more freak ferns, and some 
"ety full series illustrating less unusual variations; of these as many 
ste Presented here as seem necessary to justify the view that ordinary 
"ations are indefinite in range and that extremes of series of such 
*atlations would be regarded as sports or mutations if found or 
“lected alone. A detailed argument on this point with each fern 
own would be superfluous. As in the former paper, I rely on 
"ures tather than words to describe some of these ferns. 
: a Variation in the extent to which some ferns are serrate, 
emt, or pinnate is very familiar. Aspidium munitum Kaulf, 
ey Y only moderately serrate, like fig. 7, 5. It varies in one 
“ction to a form with teeth so closely appressed that at a distance 
It > . 
“pears entire, and in the other to a form with compound teeth, 
* Gaz, 34°142-144. 1902. 
