KLINOSTATS AND CENTRIFUGES FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL 
EARCH.* 
FREDERICK C. NEWCOMBE. 
(WITH THREE FIGURES) 
SOME years ago, when the author had to make use of the klinostat 
for extensive experimentation, the work went so slowly with one 
machine that means were sought to secure the operation of several 
Klinostats at the same time without incurring the expense incident to 
the purchase of a number of the costly machines in common use. 
After some attempts to construct apparatus on too light and too cheap 
a scale, the apparatus here described was designed and manufactured 
with the cooperation of Mr. RALPH MILLER, at that time university 
Mechanician. It has been used extensively for seven years, and has 
answered every demand made upon it. It is herewith described 
Partly in response to several inquiries by men in other universities, 
and partly with the hope that it will be welcomed as offering a means 
lor various kinds of research now practically impossible with the 
Spring machines. 
This apparatus can be provided with a horizontal and a vertical 
Klinostat to run at the same time, the whole costing less than a Pfeffer 
machine ; and the number of turn-tables can be increased almost 
indefinitely. Moreover, it will carry a much greater load than the 
spring klinostats. 
I. CENTRIFUGES. 
For both the centrifuges and klinostats the same motive power is 
Used—an electric or a water motor. I have found it convenient to 
have both kinds of motors; for while the electric motor runs more 
*venly and with less noise, the current is more liable to interruption 
from one Cause or another. Should one have the advantage of a 
Constant head of water, secured by a tank with constant water level, 
&S suggested by ARTHUR,? a water motor alone would suffice. 
"Contribution 83 from the botanical laboratory of the University of Michigan. 
156, : ARTHUR, Water power for botanical apparatus. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1897: 
1904] 
427 
