250 BOTANICAL GAZETTE {APRIL 
and western Maryland, and CowLes (6) reports it as growing on sand 
dunes near Chicago. From his description, however, it is doubtful 
if the seed had germinated in these dry localities. It has thus a very 
restricted range, and seems to grow only in positions in which moisture 
is abundant and transpiration slow. Liquidambar is confined to 
alluvial soils and moist situations, and so follows river valleys and coast 
lines; its northern limit is the valley of the Hudson River in New 
York. Fothergilla grows in moist places. 
The material of Hamamelis virginiana and Liquidambar for the 
present work was obtained from the .region about Baltimore, from 
northern Virginia, from Long Island, and from southwestern Ohio. 
I am indebted for exotic forms to the kindness of Mr. Gro. V. NASH, 
of the New York Botanical Gardens, and to Mr. J. G. Jack of the 
Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. The long period of 
development made it necessary to collect nearly every week of the 
_ year for Hamamelis. Material of Fothergilla was collected in 
central South Carolina. 
Killing and fixing was mostly done with a sublimate-acetic mixture 
made by adding 5 per cent. glacial acetic acid to a saturated aqueous 
solution of corrosive sublimate; this was often used hot. The 
material was cleared in xylol and imbedded in paraffin; and sections 
were cut 5 to 15 in thickness. For staining, a combination of 
haem-alum and Bismarck brown was tried, but Flemming’s triple 
stain was found more satisfactory and was used almost exclusively. 
It was necessary before the young carpels could be sectioned ' 
paraffin to remove carefully and laboriously the hairs from their 
bases, as on account of their thick walls the hairs could not be cut 
in paraffin, invariably tearing the sections. To avoid this process 
celloidin imbedding was used in a few instances, but it was impossible 
to get the sections thin enough for most purposes. 
ORGANOGENY OF THE FLOWER. 
The flower buds arise from axils of the leaves of the current yeah 
or from latent buds of the two preceding years, and appear early 
May. They, as well as the leaf buds and the young twigs, are covered 
by a dense coating of tufted hairs. Each hair develops from a single 
epidermal cell, which protrudes from the surface and is cut by antl- 
