1905] SHOEMAKER—HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA 261 
in 1900 it was easy to get young seedlings in various stages. The 
cotyledons remain in the seed coats until they have absorbed the 
stored up nourishment of the endosperm (jig. 16); they are then 
freed and exposed as green assimilative leaves. Attempts at sprout- 
ing the seed in damp sphagnum were made in the laboratory. The 
seed was planted in September of 1900, and by May of 1902 had just 
begun to protrude the tips of the radicles. They had been in the 
temperature of an unheated room constantly, but had not been 
subject to frost, and had never been allowed to dry out. 
_HAMAMELIS ARBOREA. | 
I procured one stage of the Japanese species H. arborea inthe 
latter end of October. This differs from H. virginiana in its time 
of flowering, which is in very early spring. “A variety, H. arborea 
succariniana, flowers as early as February, and thus approaches 
the flowering time of the American species. The flowers are in 
about the same condition in October as those of H. virginiana, 
except that the stamens are rather backward. The pollen grains 
are free and have each two free nuclei, and evidently pass the winter 
in that stage (fig. 36). As the pollen is shed in March at the latest, 
it probably must rest about two months before fertilization occurs. 
The petals are coiled involutely in the bud as in H. virginiana, but 
instead of being entirely smooth have a tuft of hairs on the tips. In 
other respects the two genera are much alike in their development 
So far as studied. 
FOTHERGILLA GARDENI. 
An incomplete series of stages of this species was studied. Its 
flowers appear in the spring along with the leaves. It lacks a corolla, 
and its calyx tube is much longer than that of Hamamelis, having 
five to seven very small teeth. The development of the stamens 
's described by Barton (3). They arise first as five single rudi- 
ments, which are followed by other rudiments on each side, so that 
there are finally five groups of five or six stamens, those of each group 
being of different ages and different heights. They pass the winter 
In the pollen mother-cell stage. At the time of flowering the ovules 
are not yet ready for fertilization, so that the pollen must have a resting 
Period of nearly a week. The anthers have four microsporangia and 
