1905] CURRENT LITERATURE 307 
is primitive for the group. The resin canals persist longest in the reproductive axis, 
the leaf, and the first annual ring of root and shoot. In the more specialized genera the 
resin canals of the wood are replaced by resin cells, but in the latter condition of the 
wood, resin canals may always be recalled as a result of injury. e di f 
resin canals and their replacement by resin cells is probably for the sake of economy 
of carbohydrate material. In Pseudolarix and Tsuga even the cortical resin canals 
disappear from all organs except the female reproductive axis, together with its append- 
ages, and the vegetative leaf. 
root, shoot, and leaf. It is confirmed by the examination of the female reproductive 
organs and of the pollen. It is further in conformity with paleontological evidence. 
6. 
daitales, the Ginkgoales, and the Cycadales. This feature serves to separate them 
from the Cupressineae in the larger sense, and to unite them with the Cordaitales, 
which they resemble in’ other important particulars, described in the body of the 
memoir, 
7. The Abietineae must be regarded on comparative anatomical and morpho- 
logical grounds as a very ancient order of the Coniferales, and may even be the oldest 
living Tepresentatives of this group.—J. M. C. 
SKOTTSBERG,'S botanist of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901-1903, 
gives a preliminary report on the phytogeographical conditions in the Antarctic 
Tegions. He proposes for the lands south of 40-50° S. the following names: Aws- 
‘ral zone, including Terra del Fuego, with the Isla de los Estados, the Falkland 
islands, South Georgia, and no doubt the South Sandwich islands; and Antarctic 
zone, including South Orkney and ‘South Shetland islands, and Graham Land. 
objection must be raised against the use of the terms Antarctic and Austral 
for local geographical areas such as the author is speaking of. The reviewer had 
tecently (in a paper read before the Philadelphia meeting of A. A. A. S. 1904) 
occasion to mention in passing that the name of Austral zone for a certain phyto- 
8eographical area of North America was incorrect, and he holds a similar opinion 
in regard to SKorrsBERG’s use of the term. What is to be called the Austral 
Zone ? Certainly not a limited area in South America with a few neighboring 
Oceanic islands. We have at present an almost endless number of phytogeograph- 
‘cal divisions, and this is not the place to enter upon a discussion of the relative 
nents of these, but it seems proper here to point out that if we are ever to get a 
“onsistent nomenclature in phytogeography it will not do to apply to local or minor 
areas Names generally used to designate larger divisions. The Arctic region Is 
recognized by DRuDE and ENGLER, for example, as a subdivision of what the 
former calls the Northern realm and the latter the North extratropical realm. 
ae es to this Northern realm the name Boreal region. The reviewer 
% SKorTSBERG, C., On the zonal distribution of South Atlantic and Antarctic 
Vegetation, Geographical Journal 655-664. 1904. 
