INTRODUCTION. 39 



Fairchild, H. L., Drumlins of central western New York: Bull. New York State Mus. No. Ill, 1907, 52 pp. 

 and 47 pis. 



Gives a full description and interpretation, accompanied by contour maps and numerous photographic illus- 

 trations, of one of the principal drumlin areas of North America. Evidence in support of the constructional develop- 

 ment by slow accretion is clearly presented. 



Pleistocene geology of New York State: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 24, No. 1, Mar. 25, 1913, pp. 133-162; 



Science, new ser., vol. 37, Feb. 14 and 21, 1913, pp. 237-249, 290-299. 

 Fall, Delos, Marl and clay analyses: Geol. Survey Michigan, vol. 8, pt. 3, 1903, pp. 352-353. 



Gives 37 analyses, chiefly by Fall. 

 Faensworth, P. J., The Great Lake basins: Science, vol. 20, 1892, p. 74. 



Presents the outgrown view that the lakes are pools left by the old "Azoic " sea. 

 Featherstonaugh, G. W., On the ancient drainage of North America and the origin of the cataract of Niagara: Am. 

 Jour. Geology and Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1831, pp. 13-21. 

 Not examined. 

 Fippen, E. O., and Rice, T. D., Soil survey of Allegan County, Mich., Bur. Soils U. S. Dept. Agr., 1901, pp. 93-124, 

 with map. 



Brings out imperfectly the relation of the soils to the ice sheet by a classification based upon mechanical analyses. 

 Finch, John, Age of basins of Lake Erie and St. Lawrence River: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 27, 1835, p. 151. 

 Foster, J. W., Presidential address before American Association for the Advancement of Science: Proc. Am. Assoc. 

 Adv. Sci., vol. 19, 1871, pp. 1-19. 



Notes the occurrence of marine crustaceans in Lake Michigan and argues that they indicate a former connec- 

 tion between the Great Lakes and the ocean. 

 Foster, J. W., and Whitney, J. D., Ex. Doc. No. 4, 31st Cong., special sess. Sen., 1851, pp. 176-177, 183-189. 



Briefly discusses the origin of the basins of Lakes Michigan and Huron and the evidences of denudation and 

 subsidence. 

 Fuller, M. L., Pleistocene geology: Ditney folio (No. 84), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902. 

 Recognizes and discusses glacial, water-laid, and wind deposits of southwestern Indiana. 



Failure of wells along the lower Huron River, Mich., in 1904: Rept. State Geologist for 1904, pp. 1-29, PL I. 



Also Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 129, 1906, pp. 129-147. 



Ascribes the failure in large part to deficiency of rainfall the previous year, supplemented, perhaps, by a general 

 lowering of the water table by ditching. Negatives the popular view that the deficiency is due to the draft made 

 by a large flowing well on Grosse Isle. 

 Flowing wells and municipal water supplies of Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, and Osceola counties, Mich. : Water 



Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 183, 1906, pp. 46-81, 83-90. 

 Describes several artesian areas, general underground-water conditions, and the public supplies at villages. 

 - and Clapp, F. G. See Clapp and Fuller. 



Geer, Gerard de, Isobases of the postglacial elevation: Am. Geologist, vol. 9, 1892, pp. 247-249. 

 Briefly outlines results of studies chiefly in the lower St. Lawrence basin. 



On Pleistocene changes of level in eastern North America: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 25, 1892, pp. 



454-477; Am. Geologist, vol. 11, 1893, pp. 22-44. 



Presents measurements of marine limits and corresponding isobases. Refers the changes of level largely to the 

 removal of the ice cap. 

 Geib, W. J., and Rice, T. D., Soil survey of the Munising area, Mich. : Field Operations Bur. Soils for 1904, U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., 1905, 25 pp. and map. 



Discusses soils and agricultural conditions and adaptation for sugar beets in an area of 407 square miles on the 

 Lake Superior shore near Munising. 



and Wilder, H. J., Soil survey of the Pontiac area, Mich. : Field Operations Bur. Soils for 1903, U.S. Dejut. Agr., 



1904, 26 pp. and map. 

 Discusses soils and agricultural methods and conditions in an area of about 307 square miles around Pontiac. 

 Gibson, John, Geology of the lakes, etc.: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, 1836, pp. 201-213. 



Refers the lakes to the scouring action of a great deluge which came from the northwest and which also deposited 

 the drift. 

 Gilbert, G. K., Surface geology of the Maumee Valley: Geology Ohio, vol. 1, 1873, pp. 535-590; brief discussion in 

 Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 1, 1871, pp. 339-345. 



Describes relation of drainage to moraines and discusses the extent of a lake in the Maumee basin and its out- 

 let to the Wabash past Fort Wayne. Suggests that a land barrier that has now disappeared held up this lake. 

 In a footnote (p. 552) Newberry suggests that the barrier was an ice dam. 



Topographic features of lake shores: Fifth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1885, pp. 69-123. 



Discusses the work of waves and the several classes of shore features; gives a number of illustrations drawn from 

 Michigan. 



■=-• Changes of level of the Great Lakes: The Forum, vol. 5, 1888, pp. 417-428. 



Discusses chiefly the fluctuations due to climatic changes. 



