INTEODUCTION. 47 



Shufeldt, G. A., On the subterranean sources of the waters of the Great Lakes: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 43, 1867 

 pp. 193-197. 



Suggests that much water may reach the lakes by underground courses. 

 Siebenthal, G. E., Quaternary deposits of the Bedford limestone region: Twenty-first Ann. Rept. Dept. Geology 

 and Nat. Res. Indiana, 1896, pp. 300-303. 



Outlines the glacial boundary and extent of small glacial lakes, and reports bearing of stria near the glacial 

 boundary. 



Topography, Pleistocene deposits, and drainage of the hydraulic limestone area in southern Indiana: Twenty- 

 fifth Ann. Rept. Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Indiana, 1900, pp. 359-364. 



Spencer, J. W., Preglacial outlet of the basin of Lake Erie into that of Lake Ontario with notes on the origin of our 

 lower Great Lakes: Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 19, 1882, pp. 300-337; Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Rept. 

 Q4, 1881, pp. 357^04. 



Brings evidence of a deep channel leading from Lake Erie past Cayuga and Seneca, Ontario, into Dundas Val- 

 ley and Lake Ontario. 



Notes on the origin of the Great Lakes of North America: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 30, 1882, pp. 131-146. 



Discusses relative value of theories concerning geological valleys, glacial erosion basins, atmospheric and flu- 

 vial erosion (obstructed by drift), and the need for some oscillation of level. 



■ Warping of the earth's crust in relation to the origin of the basins of the Great Lakes: Am. Naturalist, vol. 21, 



1887, pp. 168-171. 



Infers a warping at the upper rapids of the Mississippi (probably incorrectly) and argues that warping extends 

 into the Great Lakes region. 



Lake beaches at Ann Arbor, Mich.: Am. Geologist, vol. 2, 1888, p. 62. 



A brief note stating that his observations confirm those by Dr. Wooldridge. See also Wooldridge, C. W. 



The St. Lawrence basin and the Great Lakes: Canadian Rec. Sci., vol. 3, 1888, pp. 232-235; Am. Geologist, 



vol. 2, 1888, pp. 346-348; Am. Naturalist, vol. 23, 1889, pp. 491^94. 



Reports the discovery of the ancient course of St. Lawrence River, the origin of the basins of the Great Lakes, 

 the establishment and dismemberment of Lake Warren, the outlet of the Huron-Michigan-Superior Lake into 

 Lake Ontario by the Trent Valley, and states that Lake Erie is the youngest of all the Great Lakes. 



Notes on the origin and history of the Great Lakes of North America: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 37, 1889, 



pp. 197-199. 

 Discusses same subjects as the last-cited paper. 



High continental elevation preceding the Pleistocene period: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 1, 1890, pp. 65-70. 



Cites the Great Lakes depressions and deep canyons near the continental border in support of high elevation. 



Ancient shores, bowlder pavements, and high-level gravel deposits in the region of the Great Lakes: Bull. 



Geol. Soc. America, vol. 1, 1890, pp. 71-86. 



Discusses characteristics of ancient shore lines in the Great Lakes region, bowlder pavements and fringes on 

 lake borders and valley slopes, gravel deposits under the till(termed "buried beaches"), unclassified buried gravels 

 (so-called osars and kames), other ridges thought to be beaches, and gravel plains. 



-Origin of the basins of the Great Lakes of North America: London Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 46, 1890, 



pp. 523-531. 

 Reiterates views expressed in 1882 and gives a few additional data. 



Deformation of the Algonquin beach and birth of Lake Huron: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 41, 1891, pp. 12-21. 



Describes a beach which appears on the borders of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and names it the 

 Algonquin. Briefly considers the differential uplift and changes of outlet which it has experienced. 



High-level shores in the region of the Great Lakes and their deformation: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 41, 1891, 



pp. 201-211. 



Describes the several beaches bordering the Huron-Erie basin from the Forest up to the Maumee and notes the 

 amount of warping they have undergone. Refers to "higher coast lines " preceding the Maumee, but thinks some 

 of these may be kames and osars and that all need further investigation. 



Post-Pliocene continental subsidence versus glacial dams: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 2, 1891, pp. 465-476. 



Notes the evidence of recent occupancy by water at higher levels than the present Great Lakes; considers glacial 

 dams less likely to have caused the retention of waters than a depression to sea level. 



A review of the history of the Great Lakes: Am. Geologist, vol. 14, 1894, pp. 289-301. 



Treats briefly the several topics discussed in his earlier papers, with references to the work of other investigators. 



The geological survey of the Great Lakes: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 43, 1895, pp. 237-243. 



Similar in scope to last paper. 



How the Great Lakes were built: Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 49, 1896, pp. 157-172. 



Similar in scope to last two papers. 



An account of the researches relating to the Great Lakes: Am. Geologist, vol. 21, 1898, pp. 110-123. 



Similar in scope to last three papers, though dealing -more especially with what each writer has contributed. 



The Falls of Niagara: Rept. Geol. Survey Canada for 1905, pub. 1907,^90 pp., 43 pis., 30 figs. 



Considers the water power and rate of recession and the various topographic and geologic features along the gorge 

 that have affected the recession; also the variations in the volume of water occasioned by the discharge of the upper 

 lakes at certain times by other outlets than Niagara, and the tilting that has deflected the discharge to Niagara. 



