48 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



Spencer, J. W., Involution des chutes du Niagara: La Geographic, vol. 22, 1910, pp. 105-115. 



Briefly treats the history of the Great Lakes basins, the work of the falls, and their probable duration. For the 

 first time admits that glacial dams are a factor in the history and development of the Great Lakes. 



Relation of Niagara River to the glacial period: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 21, 1910, pp. 433-440. 



Thinks that St. Davids buried channel leading northwest from the whirlpool, referred by some geologists to an 

 interglacial Niagara, is preglacial, since it contains a remarkably full series of glacial and interglacial beds, the 

 earliest of which seems likely to be at least as old as the Illinoian drift. 



Relative work of the Falls of Niagara: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 21, 1910, pp. 441-446. 



Computes the recession more precisely than earlier students, but does not greatly modify earlier results. Places 

 the mean annual rate of recession of the American fall at 0.27 foot and of the Canadian fall at 4.2 feet. 



Interruption in the flow of the Kails of Niagara in February, H909: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 21, 1910, 



p. 447. 



Gives photographs to show a great reduction in volume due not to an ice jam but to the«anchoring of ice in a 

 low-water stage in very cold weather. 



On the focus of postglacial uplift north of the Great Lakes: Jour. Geology, vol. 19, 1911, pp. 57-60. 



Shows, by combining triangles in the region of uplift bordering Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay, that the uplift 

 converges to a focus in about latitude 49° N. and longitude 76° W. 



Postglacial earth movements about Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 



24, No. 2, 1913, pp. 217-228, 1 fig. (map), pp. 714-715. 



Relationship of the Great Lake basins to the Niagara limestone: Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 24, No. 2, 1913, 



pp. 229-232, 1 fig. (map). 



Relationship between terrestrial gravity and observed earth movements of eastern America: Am. Jour. Sci., 



4th ser., vol. 35, 1913, pp. 561-573, 1 map. 



Postglacial changes of level versus recent stability of the Lake region of America: Rept. British Assoc. Adv. Sci., 



Eighty-second Meeting, 1913, pp. 476^177. 



Outline of the evolution of the Falls of Niagara; contrast with the falls of the Zambesi (private publication), 



1913, 8 pp., 2 pis. (map). 

 Stimson, William, On the deep-water fauna of Lake Michigan: Am. Naturalist, vol. 4, 1871, pp. 403—405. 



Records the occurrence of marine crustaceans in the deep part of Lake Michigan; mentions absence of marine 

 shells in the beaches of the lake; suggests that the lake communicated with the ocean in such a way that salt water 

 invaded the lower portion while the surface waters were sufficiently fresh to permit the existence of lacustral 

 species of mollusks. See also P. R. Hoy. 

 Stuntz, G. R., On some recent geological changes in northeastern Wisconsin:' Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 18, 

 1870, pp. 206-207. 



Suggests a differential elevation in the Great Lakes region with northeastward uplift. See also Gilbert and 

 Moseley. 

 Sutton, George, The gold-bearing drift of Indiana: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 30, 1882, pp. 177-185. 



Notes gold in Dearborn, Ohio, Ripley, Jentoings, Jackson, Brown, Morgan, Montgomery, and Warren counties, 

 Ind. Thinks ice moved northwest to southeast, scattering the gold through these counties, a view which is out 

 of harmony with the evidence from moraines and other features. 

 Taylor, A. E., Road materials of portions of central and eastern Indiana: Thirtieth Ann. Rept. Dept. Geology and 

 Nat. Res. Indiana, 1905, pp. 315-356, 359-387, 389-437, 439^96, 501-570. Road materials of southwestern Indiana: 

 Thirtieth Ann. Rept. Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. Indiana, 1905, pp. 969-970, 974-975, 981-982, 986-987, 990- 

 1001. 



Each paper discusses briefly, county by county, the occurrence of workable deposits of gravel, the limestone, 

 and other sources of road material. 

 Taylor, F. B., The highest old shore line on Mackinac Island: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 43, 1892, pp. 210-218. 



Describes highest old beach on island and near mainland and recognizes it as Spencer's Algonquin Beach. 

 Classifies beaches as earlier, faint, and fragmentary in southern part of Great Lakes basins, and later, stronger, and 

 continuous in northern part, all being inclined to south more or less. Ascribes former to ice-dammed lakes, 

 latter to marine submergence. 



i A reconnaissance of the abandoned shore lines of Green Bay [Michigan and Wisconsin]: Am. Geologist, vol. 13, 



1894, pp. 316-327. 



Describes old beaches between Sheboygan, Wis., and north end of Green Bay in Michigan. The shores rise to 

 the north. 



A reconnaissance of the abandoned shore lines of the south coast of Lake Superior: Am. Geologist, vol. 13, 



1894, pp. 365-383. 



Describes old beaches between Sault Ste . Marie and Duluth. Suggests name ' ' Nipissing " for lowest and strongest. 

 Regards, probably wrongly, the gravel deposits back of Marquette, 590 feet above the lake, as a beach. Says 

 beach back of Houghton at 410 feet is probably the Algonquin. Supposes Nipissing beach to pass below lake 

 level at Duluth. 



