52 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



Volney, C. F., A view of the soil and climate of the United States of America, with introduction by C. B. Brown, 

 Philadelphia, 1804. 



Describes geology of lake region and Niagara Falls. Regards the bed of Lake Ontario as "the crater of an 

 extinguished volcano" (p. 99). 

 Walker, Bryant, Origin and distribution of land and fresh-water mollusca of North America : First Rept. Michigan 

 Acad. ScL, for 1894-1898, pp. 43-61. 



Discusses effect of glaciation on the distribution of mollusks; gives illustrations from the southern peninsula of 

 Michigan and other localities. 



Distribution of Unionida? in Michigan, 22 pp., 3 maps, Detroit, 1898. 



Shows the distribution of the mollusks in relation to glacial drainage and glacial lakes. 

 Wallace, S. J., Lakes and lake regions: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 19, 1870, pp. 182-185. 



Notes that distribution of lakes closely corresponds to extent of glaciation. Suggests inquiry into causes of lakes 

 along several lines, glacial action, drift damming, beaver dams, irregular subsidence or elevation, and other 

 phenomena. 

 Ward, L. O, Road materials of the northern third of Indiana: Thirtieth Ann. Rept. Dept. Geology and Nat. Res. 

 Indiana, 1905, pp. 161-272. 



Discusses briefly the topography, drainage, surface geology, and distribution of gravel in its genetic relations; 

 then describes in more detail the individual exposures of gravel in each of the 30 counties in the northern third of 

 the State. 

 Warder, R. B., Surface features and post-Tertiary deposits of Dearborn, Ohio, and Switzerland counties, Ind.: 

 Third and Fourth Ann. Repts. Geol. Survey Indiana, 1871 and 1872, pp. 387-395, 401-413. 

 Notes the occurrence of soil and timber under glacial deposits. 

 Whitney, J. D., and Foster, J. W. See Foster and Whitney. 



Whittlesey, Charles, Report on the geology and topography of a portion of Ohio: Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey 

 Ohio, 1838, pp. 41-71. 



Records fluctuations of Lake Erie and discusses the encroachment of the lake upon its shore and the lake ridges 

 near the shore. 



■ Notes upon the drift and alluvion of Ohio and the west: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 5, 1848, pp. 205-217. 



Separates the drift deposits into blue and yellow hardpan, sand and gravel, valley drift, lacustrine deposits, 

 bowlders, and alluvion. Notes occurrence of buried timber and glacial stria? . 



On the natural terraces and ridges of the country bordering Lake Erie: Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 10, 1850, 



pp. 31-39. 



Deals mainly with old beaches south of Lake Erie. Says lake ridges and terraces are restricted to levels 240 feet 

 or less above Lake Erie and thinks that "ancient currents" acted at higher levels. 



On the ancient and present beaches of Lake Michigan: Foster and Whitney's Lake Superior, pt. 2, 1851, pp. 



174-176, 270-273. 

 Describes certain low beaches scarcely 20 feet above Lake Michigan. 

 On the superficial deposits of the northwestern part of the United States: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv, Sci., vol. 5, 



1851, pp. 54-59. 



Describes briefly thelacustral deposits about the Laurentian lakes and argues that theiblue clays of the Lake Erie 

 basin and the red clays of the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior basins are synchronous. 

 Superficial deposits south of Lake Superior: Owen's report on Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, Philadelphia, 



1852, pp. 425^29. 



Discusses the features and deposits resulting from glaciation and lake occupancy, and considers the clays to be 

 fresh-water deposits. 



On the drift cavities or potash kettles of Wisconsin: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 13, 1860, pp. 297-301. 



Refers kettles or basins in sand plains to the melting of fragments of ice inclosed in and buried beneath drift 

 materials. 



■ On the ice movement of the glacial era in the valley of the St. Lawrence: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 15, 



1867, pp. 43-54. 



Discusses glacial deposits and striae and states that the drift from the east end of Lake Ontario to the Lake of the 

 Woods appears to be of fresh-water origin. 



■ Fresh-water glacial drift of the northwestern states: Smithsonian Contr., vol. 15, 1867, 38 pp. 



Reviews the evidence in favor of fresh-water origin of certain clays and lake ridges. 

 Wilder, H. J., and Geib, W. J. See Geib and Wilder. 



Winchell, Alexander, The shell marls of Michigan: Michigan Farmer, September, 1855, pp.. 257-259. (Not ex- 

 amined.) 



Superficial deposits of Michigan and Alabama. Harper's Geol. Rept. of Mississippi, 1857, pp. 316-318. (Not 



examined.) 



Outlines of the geology of Michigan: Michigan Farmer, December, 1858. (Not examined.) 



Geology of Michigan. Lansing, 1861, pp. 127-133. 



Discusses the surface geology. 



