INTRODUCTION. 53 



Winchell, Alexander, On the origin of the prairies of the valley of the Mississippi: Am. Jour. Sri., 2d ser., vol. 38, 

 1864, pp. 332-344. 

 Thinks the soils of the prairies are lacustral deposits laid down in expansions of the Great Lakes. 



Some indications of the northward transportation of drift materials of the lower peninsula of Michigan : Am. Jour. 



Sci., 2d ser., vol. 40, 1865, pp. 331-338. 



Shows by fossils that tabular masses of limestone in Lenawee, Hillsdale, Jackson, Washtenaw, Berrien, VanBuren, 

 and Ottawa counties are from the ' ' Corniferous, " though they were found above beds designated as the Hamilton, 

 Marshall, and Carboniferous formations. Inclines to account for their transportation through the agency of the 

 Gulf Stream in the Champlain epoch. 



Soils and subsoils of Michigan, 1865, 30 pp. By order of legislature. 



Discusses general geology of soils, including drift agencies ; gives especial attention to the peaty and prairie soils 

 and dunes and to the effect of drainage and the removal of forests. 



. The Grand Traverse region, Ann Arbor, 1866, 97 pp. and map. 



Discusses hydrography, topography, soil, climate, plants, animals, general geology, crops, fruits, industries, 

 settlements, highways, and paleontology. 



The fruit-bearing belt of Michigan: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 15, 1866, pp. 84-91. 



Discusses chiefly the Grand Traverse region, its soils and climate. 



Peat in Michigan: Leavitt's Peat Journal, vol. 1, 1867. (Not examined.) 



The bowlder of 1869: University Magazine, May, 1869, p. 4. 



Discusses the source of red jasper conglomerate bowlders. 



Geology of Berrien County, Mich.: Directory of Berrien County, February, 1871, pp. 21-26. 



Discusses general geology, soils, dunes, and artesian- well prospects. 



The soils and geological features of Michigan: The Traveller, London, England, 1871. (Not examined.) 



Diagonal system in the physical features of Michigan: Am. Jour-. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 6, 1873, pp. 36^10. 



Considers the features the resultant of a glacial force (acting from the northeast) and of the stratigraphic condi- 

 tions (or course of strike). 



■ Rectification of the geological map of Michigan: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Detroit meeting, 1875, pp. 27-43. 



Outlines places of rock outcrop on borders of the State and presents numerous observations on the drift, includ- 

 ing several well records. 



Supposed agency of ice floes in the Champlain period: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 11, 1876, pp. 225-228. 



Pictures a way by which blocks of Carboniferous limestone found in the drift in Oceana County might have 

 been transported thither by an ocean current. 



Michigan. 



Presents a condensed popular sketch of the topography, climate, and geology of the State, extracted from 

 Waiting's Atlas of Michigan, 1879. An earlier and briefer discussion of these topics was presented in Harper's 

 Magazine for July, 1871. 



Geology of Washtenaw County: County History, published by C. C. Chapman & Co., Chicago, 1881, pp. 



141-172."" 



Describes large "Corniferous" limestone blocks and classifies the bowlders found in the drift. Discusses the 

 topographic features of the county. Describes position and height of lake ridges in the southeastern part. 



A series of popular works touching incidentally on features of Michigan, namely : Sketches of creation, Harper's, 



New York, 1870; Sparks from a geologist's hammer, S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago, 1881; Geological excursions, 

 S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago, 1884; Walks and talks in the geological field, Chautauqua Press, New York, 1886; 

 Geological studies, S. C. Griggs & Co., Chicago, 18S6. 



On the geology of Ann Arbor: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 30, 1885, p. 315. 



Brief abstract of a paper read at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at 

 Ann Arbor in 1884. Describes the leading topographic features. 

 Winchell, A. N., The age of the Great Lakes of North America: Am. Geologist, vol. 19, 1897, pp. 236-339. 



Gives a partial bibliography with brief notes. 

 Winchell, N. H., The glacial features of Green Bay, of Lake Michigan, with some observations of a probable former 

 outlet of Lake Superior: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 2, 1871, pp. 15-19. 



Notes the expansion of an ice tongue into Green Bay and describes a drift-filled lowland from Lake Superior 

 through Little Bay de Noc that is considered an old outlet of the Lake Superior basin. 



The drift deposits of the northwest: Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 3, 1873, pp. 202-210, 286-297. 



Presents the several theories in reference to the origin of the drift and sums up the evidence in favor of the 

 glacial theory. 



Vegetable remains in the drift deposits of the northwest: Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 24, 1876, pt. 2, pp. 



43-56. 



Summarizes the occurrence of vegetable deposits between the drift sheets or in the midst of the drift in the 

 several Northwestern States, from Ohio to Minnesota. 

 Wooldridge, C. W., Recent geological changes in western Michigan: Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. 24, 1884, pp. 826-830. 

 Notes a change of 6 feet in the level of White Lake and interprets it to be a local land oscillation instead of a 

 variation in the height of the water that backs into the lake from Lake Michigan. 



