20 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



Chapter IX. Morainic systems at heads of Lake Michigan and Saginaw basins. — 

 The Kalamazoo morainic system of the Lake Michigan lobe, which was referred in Monograph 

 XXXVIII to ice on its eastern side, is now interpreted as a product of the Lake Mich- 

 igan lobe and distinct from the Valparaiso morainic system from South Bend, Ind., north- 

 eastward into Michigan though apparently merged with it in northwestern Indiana. The 

 Lake Michigan-Saginaw interlobate tract, a prominent belt of interlobate moraines and 

 included gravel plains, is described as running northward from Kalamazoo County to the 

 vicinity of Cadillac. A strong morainic system of the Saginaw lobe, a continuation of the 

 Kalamazoo morainic system, is described as running eastward from Barry County across 

 Calhoun and Jackson counties to western Washtenaw County; its outer border shows 

 great outwash aprons and lines of vigorous glacial drainage. The conspicuous moraines of 

 the interlocking Saginaw and Huron-Erie lobes in southeastern Michigan and the included 

 outwash plains and glacial drainage lines on the prominent peninsula known as the "thumb'' 

 of Michigan are described as far northeast as southern Lapeer County. The Charlotte morainic 

 system of the Saginaw lobe is interpreted as a close successor of the Kalamazoo system and in 

 places as being nearly merged with it. The Valparaiso morainic system of the Lake Michigan 

 lobe is interpreted as a probably nearly full correlative of the Charlotte morainic system and 

 a close successor of the Kalamazoo morainic system. It sweeps around the head of Lake 

 Michigan in great strength. 



Chapter X. Later moraines of the Lake Michigan, Saginaw, and Huron-Erie 

 lobes. — The Lake-Border morainic system of the Lake Michigan lobe, a series of slender 

 moraines in the south part of the Lake Michigan basin between the Valparaiso morainic system 

 and the shore of Lake Michigan and their continuation north and east over the highlands 

 of the northern part of the southern peninsula of Michigan, is discussed. The reentrant district 

 between the Lake Michigan and Saginaw lobes is declared to contain several narrow but well- 

 defined moraines, which bow out to the northeast and become more convex in passing from 

 older to younger. The moraines of the western limb of the Saginaw lobe, a massive morainic 

 system northwest of Saginaw Bay, are described as separating into several distinct moraines 

 southward, in the vicinity of Grand River. The moraines of the eastern limb of the Sagi- 

 naw lobe, a series of slender moraines running from Grand River in Ionia County eastward 

 and northward to Tuscola County, are described and the accompanying glacial drainages are 

 discussed. The "thumb" of Michigan is interpreted as an interlobate area in which the slen- 

 der moraines of the eastern limb of the Saginaw lobe become interlocked with moraines of the 

 Huron-Erie lobe. Some of the later moraines of the Huron-Erie slope in southeastern Michigan 

 are interpreted as having been laid down in glacial lake waters and to have very faint 

 expression. The correlatives of the West Branch-Gladwin group of moraines in Ohio, New 

 York, and Ontario and the Detroit interlobate moraine in southwestern Ontario are dis- 

 cussed very briefly. 



Chapter XI. Port Huron morainic system and probable correlatives. — In the 

 Huron and Saginaw basins the Port Huron morainic system is interpreted as marking a pro- 

 nounced readvance of the ice border and is definitely correlated with glacial Lake Whittlesey; 

 it is described as consisting of several closely associated ridges to which individual names have 

 not been applied. The probable correlatives of the Port Huron system in Ontario and New 

 York are briefly discussed. In the northern Michigan and northern Huron basins a morainic 

 belt marking a distinct readvance of the ice in the northern portion of the Michigan basin is 

 interpreted as the correlative of the Port Huron system; studies by Alden on the west side of 

 Lake Michigan are declared to have brought out evidence of a readvance there. Other glacial 

 features in the area between the Port Huron morainic system and the shores of Lakes Michigan 

 and Huron are briefly discussed. Drumlins are conspicuous in the Grand Traverse region 

 and occur hi small areas east of Mullet Lake and near Alpena. Striae harmonize in trend with 

 the drumlins. of Alpena Comity. Overridden lake ( 1) clays occur in the Grand Traverse region 

 at elevations not greater than about 300 feet above Lake Michigan on the borders of deep and 

 narrow lowlands largely occupied by lakes. 



