PRE-WISCONSIN DEIFT AND ASSOCIATED DEPOSITS. 69 



Record of Beman well near Cataract, Ind. 



Feet. 



Clay, surface, including white clay and gumbo 14 



Till, sandy and pebbly, of reddish brown color (Illinoian) 12 



Clay, black, termed barnyard muck by owner 24 



50 



The well mouth is about 150 feet above Eel River (below the falls) where the stream reenters 

 its old valley; it is therefore probable that the drift extends 100 feet below the bottom of this 

 well. Mr. Beman states that the muck became rather sandy and yielded water toward the 

 bottom of the well but held its black color. The well has been in use many years and the 

 water appears to be of good quality. 



In the southeastern part of Owen County, occupying the highest land between Spencer 

 and Ellettsville, is a level tract known as the Flatwoods, which has been examined and reported 

 upon by C. E. Siebenthal. 1 It is 2i miles wide and 6 miles long. The southeastern end 

 apparently is at the limits of glaciation. It carries an alternation of clay and sand beds with 

 buried wood, and is thought by Siebenthal to have been occupied by a small glacial lake. He 

 gives the following well record as typical of the region: 



Record of well in Flatwoods district in sec. 31, T. 10 N., R. 2 W. 



Feet. 



Soil and clay 17-18 



Embedded logs 1 



Clay 8 



Gravel, waterworn ' 1 



Clay, blue, sticky 8 



Limestone. 



Collett 2 gives the following section in the same region: 



Record of well in Flatwoods district in 8E. { sec. 26, T. 10 N., R. 3 W. 



Feet. 



Soil, black, mucky 8 



Sand and fine gravel 6 



Quicksand, blue, sticky, with logs, sticks, and leaves 8 



Associated gravel and sand deposits. 



GRAVEL AND SAND DEPOSITS. 



Heavy deposits of gravelly drift in the vicinity of Spencer rise 150 feet or more above the 

 village and extend nearly 100 feet below its level. The gravel is in places cemented into a 

 firm conglomerate that outcrops like a ledge in the hillside. The cross-bedding in an exposure 

 one-half mile northeast of Spencer indicates a stream flowing southward. The gravel there 

 fills a preglacial valley leading into White River at Spencer from the north. Except in the 

 vicinity of White River there are no conspicuous deposits of sand and gravel in Owen County, 

 the drift back from the river being generally clayey. 



Gravel and sand occur principally in Morgan, Johnson, Brown, and southwestern Shelby 

 counties, as these counties stand immediately north of the great reentrant angle in the glacial 

 boundary. It is probably because of this interlobate position that kames and gravelly deposits 

 are more abundant here than in districts east or west. In eastern Morgan County gravel 

 deposits abound from Indian Creek valley northward to White River. The gravel knolls or 

 kames appear not only outside the border of the Wisconsin drift but for some distance inside 

 it. Some of the latter apparently received only a thin coating of the later drift and were 

 modified remarkably little by the readvance of ice. In western Morgan County gravel knolls 

 or kames are present, but are far less numerous than in the eastern part, much of the drift 

 being a clayey or sandy till. It is in one of the prominent kames in this part of the county that 

 the gold shaft noted on page 64 was sunk. Flat-surfaced gravelly deposits of considerable 



1 Twenty-first Ann. Rept. Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Res., 1S97, pp. 301-302. 



2 Seventh Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Survey, 1S7.5, pp. 333-334. 



