108 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



its base being less than 700 feet at its northeast end, very nearly 700 feet at Raub, and 725 feet 

 or more at its southwest terminus. 



SHORT ESKERS IN SOUTHERN TIPPECANOE COUNTY. 



Some of the ridges in sees. 31 and 32, T. 21 N., R. 4 W., in southern Tippecanoe County, 

 resemble short eskers, but have around them irregular knolls such as characterize moraines. 

 The trend of the esker-like ridges is northwest and southeast, but that of the morainic knolls and 

 ridges is variable, some running nearly at right angles to the eskers and others being nearly par- 

 allel to them. Knolls in sees. 32 and 36 stand 30 to 40 feet above the general level. The esker 

 ridges are lower; one, which is continuous for about 1£ miles, extending from the south part of 

 sec. 29 southwestward to Wea Creek in the eastern part of sec. 31, is 10 to 30 feet high and 

 nowhere exceeds one-eighth mile and in most places does not exceed 75 to 100 yards in width. 

 It does not he in a well-defined channel or trough, though it terminates at the southwest in a 

 boggy tract depressed a few feet below the general level of the bordering land. North of this ridge, 

 in the northwest part of sec. 32, a smaller gravel ridge about one-fourth mile in length, 150 yards 

 in width, and 10 to 15 feet in height, runs parallel with it only a short space away. In the south 

 part of the SE. I sec. 30 is another ridge of similar length and trend. Terminating as these ridges 

 do at the bowlder belt in the midst of the morainic knolls, they appear to bear a close relation- 

 ship to the moraine, but being composed of assorted material and trending parallel with the ice 

 flow and not at a right angle to it, they are thought to be the product of subglacial drainage. 



HAZELRIGG ESKER AND ESKER TROUGH. 



Among the esker-like ridges one worthy of note lies in the south part of sec. 23 and the north 

 part of sec. 26, T. 19 -N., R. 3 W., in Montgomery County. Though scarcely a half mile in length 

 and 100 yards in width, it rises abruptly to heights ranging from 15 to 40 feet. It is curved, with 

 its concavity toward the northwest. It stands in the valley of a tributary of Muskrat Creek, 

 which here occupies a portion of a shallow channel of glacial or subglacial drainage that heads 

 farther northeast in western Boone County in the valley of Sugar Creek in sec. 23, T. 20 N., R. 2 W., 

 about 2 miles west of Thornton. In Boone County, and also in eastern Montgomery County, 

 knolls and low ridges of gravel occur at short intervals along this channel, which is apparently 

 the product of a subglacial stream, for its course is toward, and its southern terminus is in, the 

 moraine. The channel is about one-half mile in width and is still 15 to 20 feet in depth, though 

 partly filled with peat and muck. 



ANDERSON ESKER AND CHANNEL. 



Course and altitude of Hie channel. — A remarkable abandoned channel, consisting of a marshy 

 valley partly filled with peaty deposits and occupied in part by an esker, passes from southern 

 Grant County (where it drains into Mississinawa River) southward to the East White gravel 

 plain in northern Shelby County, a distance of about 60 miles. After passing over the divide 

 between Mississinawa River and Pipe Creek near Summitville it leads down to Pipe Creek at 

 Alexandria, then over the divide between Pipe Creek and White River and across White River at 

 Anderson. Continuing southward in disregard of the present system of drainage, it crosses 

 Fall Creek east of Pendleton and Sugar Creek at Eden (in Hancock County), and finally enters 

 the Brandywine Valley at the point where the creek turns south a few miles north of Greenfield. 

 It may be nearer the truth to say that Brandywine Creek enters the channel, for the latter 

 is probably older than the creek and it is much larger than the valley of the creek above the 

 junction. The channel is followed by Branch/wine Creek to the gravel plain east of Fairland. 

 Throughout this whole distance the channel has abrupt bluffs as if it had been cut down rajndly 

 by a stream. It is, as a rule, but one-eighth to one-fourth mile wide, but in the portion between 

 White River and Fall Creek its width is nearly a mile. In this wide portion it contains an 

 esker which follows it from Anderson southward for 4 miles. It is bordered throughout nearly 

 its entire length north of the junction with Brandywine Creek by a smooth till plain, but along 



