SAGINAW LOBE. 131 



this rapid recession in the district south of the Tippecanoe that the Saginaw lobe became 

 differentiated from the Erie. 



The best defined of the weak undulating strips leading southward from the Tippecanoe 

 Valley passes east of south along the east side of Bruce Lake to Kewanna, where it swings around 

 toward Royal Center and runs west of south to the Wabash Valley at Lake Cicott, about 10 miles 

 west of Logansport. From Lake Cicott it is probably continued westward by a line of bowldery 

 ridges leading past Idaville and dying out east of Monticello. Kewanna stands in a reentrant 

 that apparently marks an incipient separation between the Saginaw and the Erie lobes, for the 

 portion of the moraine to the south conforms more nearly with the trend of a moraine of the Erie 

 lobe lying north of the Wabash than with the moraine of the Saginaw lobe under discussion. 



A still weaker belt of undulating drift, a few miles west of the one just outlined, leads off 

 southwestward to Thornhope and marks a still earlier position of the Erie lobe. The Saginaw 

 equivalent seems to be found in ridges northwest of Bruce Lake in the bend of Tippecanoe River 

 near Ora. 



A ridge connects at the southeast with the Maxinkuckee moraine west of Lake Maxinkuckee, 

 but leads away from it northwestward to Bass Lake in Starke County. It is 1 to 1 \ miles wide 

 and seems to mark a position held by the ice before the reentrant between the Saginaw and Lake 

 Michigan lobes had receded to the head of Kankakee River. It may prove to be a correlative 

 of the Marseilles morainic system of the Illinois lobe (p. 126). 



The continuation of the inner or eastern portion of the Maxinkuckee moraine probably 

 embraces a gently undulating tract north of Tippecanoe River in southern Marshall County. 

 On entering Kosciusko County it passes to the south side of the river and forms a chain of weak 

 ridges lying north of Burkitt. It coimects with a large moraine of the Erie lobe near Claypool, 

 a few miles south of Warsaw. 



On the north border of this gently undulating tract a disjointed, narrow morainic ridge about 

 40 miles long, known as the Bremen moraine, runs past Bremen, Heckton, and Millwood and 

 connects with the Maxinkuckee moraine at its northwest end near Lakeville and with the 

 moraine of the Erie lobe at its southeast end near Warsaw. The country is decidedly flatter 

 to the north of this ridge than to the south, so it gives a definite inner limit to the Maxinkuckee 

 moraine and associated undulating tracts. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 



MAIN RIDGE NORTH OF TIPPECANOE RIVER. 



In the district north of the Tippecanoe the Maxinkuckee moraine is topographically con- 

 spicuous from the plain that borders it on the west. The plain has an elevation of 720 to 750 

 feet along the border of the moraine. The moraine is largely above 800 feet and has points that 

 closely approach 900 feet, the altitude at Penn geodetic station, 3 miles southeast of South Bend, 

 being 897 feet and at a railway summit 4 miles south of Argos 887 feet. The region around Lake 

 Maxinkuckee falls a little below 800 feet in general elevation, but ranges from 650 feet in the 

 deepest part of the lake to 875 feet on the highest hills east of the lake. 



Although so prominent from the outer border the moraine is relatively inconspicuous from 

 the inner border, and grades, in Marshall County, into a gently undulating tract that stands 

 nearly as high as the crest of the moraine. 



Considerable variety of expression is found along the main belt between South Bend and 

 Tippecanoe River. From the St. Joseph River bluff at South Bend southward to Potato Creek, 

 a distance of 10 or 12 miles, many knolls rise abruptly to heights of 50 or 60 feet; among them 

 are inclosed basins and sloughs. From Potato to Pine Creek, a distance of 10 miles, swells are 

 usually 20 feet or less in height and the slopes gentle; shallow basins, however, are numerous. 

 The expression is somewhat stronger toward the inner or eastern border than along the outer 

 border. Pine Creek and streams near it are bordered by broad marshy tracts that give the outer 

 edge of the moraine a ragged outline. The interfluvial tracts show an increase in ruggedness 

 southward from Pine Creek, and opposite Plymouth knolls 30 to 50 feet in height appear. 



