134 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



on the plain as well as on the moraine and that somewhat more than 100 feet of drift was deposited 

 at the last glaciation. The difference in level between the bed of Lake Maxinkuckee and the 

 highest hills east of the lake is 225 feet, and possibly these hills were built up at this latest 

 stage from a level as low as the lake bed. 



Flowing wells. — Flowing wells are obtained in the low tracts along the moraine from Lake 

 Maxinkuckee northward. They are reported to pass through considerable clay before entering 

 the bed from which the flows are obtained. Data were obtained in five distinct districts — 

 around Lake Maxinkuckee, in Yellow River valley at Plymouth, near Teegarden on a low 

 part of the moraine, in Potato Creek valley east of North Liberty, and in the St. Joseph 

 Valley at South Bend. 



The flows around Lake Maxinkuckee are obtained at various depths from 13 feet up to 



about 100 feet. The following record of A. H. Culver's well ' illustrates the structure of the 



drift in one of the deeper wells : 



Record of Culver well. 



Feet. 



Soil and yellow clay 8 



Sand. 14 



Clay, blue 38 



Sand and gravel - 12 



72 



Another boring, 98 feet deep, passed through yellow clay 11 feet, sand 25 feet, blue clay 62 

 feet, and failed to reach the bottom, the flow being from sand above the clay. The Peru Club 

 sunk a well to a depth of 160 feet and stopped in "obdurate hardpan;" it obtained a weak 

 flow from a sand bed higher than the hardpan. The deepest boring of which the present 

 writer obtained data was sunk by D. W. Morman to a depth of 203 feet, obtaining a flow at 

 about 100 feet. The head is reported 2 to be sufficient in parts of the basin to carry water 31 

 feet above the lake (765 feet above sea level), but in the Morman boring the water stands 13 

 feet below the surface and only 7 feet above the lake. The various depths at which the flows 

 are obtained and the difference in head and strength of flow indicate that the bedding and 

 texture of the gravel of the drift are very irregular. 



In the flowing wells at Plymouth the depth to the water bed is about 40 feet, but some 

 wells are carried deeper. Records furnished by a driller indicate little besides sand, interspersed 

 with beds termed "hardpan," 2 to 5 feet thick. 



In the Teegarden district, which extends down Yellowbank Creek 2 or 3 miles from Tee- 

 garden, the wells are mainly through blue till and range in depth from 40 feet to about 100 feet. 



In Potato Creek valley east of North Liberty two flowing wells, 45 and 70 feet deep, were 

 reported to be largely through till. A well on the gravel plain about a mile southwest of North 

 Liberty, in sec. 5, T. 35 N., R. 1 E., is reported by the driller to be entirely through sand and 

 gravel to a depth of 160 feet. The water heads 1J feet below the surface. 



In the St. Joseph Valley at South Bend flowing wells have been obtained for the water- 

 works supply from sand underlying a bed of stiff clay reported to be nearly pebbleless. There 

 were at the time of the writer's visit in 1902 thirty 6-inch wells about 100 feet deep, with head 

 5 or 6 feet above the surface and yielding by pumping at least 10,000,000 gallons a day. 



The gas boring made by Mr. Oliver at South Bend is reported by Phinney to have penetrated 

 the following drift beds: Sand, 25 feet; gravel, 20 feet; clay, 30 feet; sand, 25 feet; gravel, 37 

 feet. 



Deep wells. — Records of several other wells of considerable depth were obtained. Two, on 

 a prominent part of the moraine about 8 nriles from South Bend, in sec. 17, T. 36 N., R. 2 E., 

 are 131 and 146 feet deep; neither reaches rock. A well on the farm of Mr. Sweeney passed 

 through 22 feet of yellow till, a thin bed of sand, and blue till and sand in alternate beds a few 

 feet thick to the bottom of the well. 



1 Fifteenth Rept. Indiana Dept. Geology and Nat. Hist., 1S87, p. 184. 2 Idem, p. 185. 



