SAGINAW LOBE. 135 



The gas boring at Plymouth which extended some depth into rock penetrated 240 feet of 

 drift as follows: Sand and gravel, 40 feet; till, 50 feet; mainly sand and gravel, 150 feet. 



Records of two wells west of Lake Maxinkuckee, in the eastern edge of Starke County, show 

 contrast in drift structure. One on the farm of David Fetter, in sec. 13, T. 32 N., R. 1 W., 

 penetrated sandy till, 5 feet; blue till, 12 feet; quicksand, 5 feet; blue till, 30 feet; sand and 

 gravel, 2 feet. The other, on the Pettis farm, in sec. 24, penetrated soil and yellow till, 12 feet; 

 blue till, 16 feet; gray sand, 52 feet; blue clay, 4 feet; cemented sand and gravel with perhaps 

 some clay, 15 feet. 



West of the wells just noted, past Bass Lake to Round Lake and Aldine, blue clay is present 

 at slight depth in many of the wells. Bowlders are also conspicuous from Lake Maxinkuckee 

 westward to Bass Lake on nearly plane tracts and on morainic tracts. 



A boring at Bremen, in the west part of the village, reached a depth of 100 feet, mainly 

 through blue till. The common depth of wells at Bremen is 30 to 40 feet, largely through till. 



At Inwood wells are mainly through sand and gravel or sandy till, though thin beds of 

 "clay" are reported to occur. 



Records of gas borings made some years ago at Rochester show alternations of till with 

 sand and gravel, but give no details of structure. 



Gas borings at Kewanna penetrated considerable sand and gravel and some thin beds of 

 blue till. Farm wells in the vicinity of Kewanna pass through considerable blue till; one in 

 sec. 28, T. 30 N., R. 1 E., is 120 feet deep, but most of them are less than 50 feet deep. 



At Royal Center oil wells penetrate 90 to 109 feet of drift. In some wells gravel between 

 the surface clay and the blue till yields water at a depth of 10 feet or less. Other wells penetrate 

 about 40 feet of blue till to reach a lower gravel bed at 50 feet. The oil-well borings are reported 

 by Elrod to have passed through "gravel mixed with yellow clay" in the lower part of the 

 drift. Two deep farm wells east of Royal Center, reported by Elrod, show considerable con- 

 trast in drift beds. One in sec. 21, T. 28 N., R. 2 E., entered blue till at 15 feet and continued 

 in it to 130 feet. Another, 93 feet deep, in sec. 27 struck no blue till, penetrating sandy loam, 

 6 feet; fine gravel, 8 feet; yellow clay, 12 feet; gravel, 8 feet; quicksand, 56 feet; coarse water- 

 bearing gravel, 3 feet. 



OUT WASH. 



The outwash connected with the Maxinkuckee moraine embraces not only material spread 

 out along the outer border of the moraine, but also gravel and sand plains heading near the 

 inner border and leading through the moraine, and perhaps also much of the undulating tract 

 between the moraine and the Bremen moraine. 



OUTWASH FROM OUTER BORDER. 



Along the outer border of the Maxinkuckee moraine from South Bend southward to 

 Yellow River valley a gravelly plain has apparently been overspread to some extent with 

 the outwash from the moraine. The part near the Kankakee in St. Joseph County was 

 probably also affected by the Lake Michigan lobe during the development of the Kalamazoo 

 morainic system. (See p. 175.) Gravel lies along and near the edge of the moraine but gives 

 place to sand westward toward Kankakee River, scarcely a pebble being visible. As a rule 

 wells in the gravel plain do not strike till, though many of them are 20 to 30 feet deep. One 

 well 2\ miles south of Walkerton is reported to have passed through about 50 feet of pebbleless 

 blue clay and terminated in fine sand under the clay at a depth of 80 feet. 



At Yellow River the gravel plain extends back into the moraine nearly to the bend of 

 the river south of Plymouth. It occupies nearly all the space between Twin Lakes and the 

 river, a breadth of about 2 miles. The surface is rather sandy and is drifted in places into 

 dunes, but is underlain by coarser material at slight depth. The gravel plain also extends up 

 small valleys on the outer slope of the moraine north of Yellow River. 



On the south side of Yellow River a till plain lies between the Maxinkuckee moraine and 

 the outlying moraine that runs past Bass Lake. Outside or west of this outlying moraine a 



