SAGINAW LOBE. 155 



A well at the schoolhouse in Augusta on ground about 50 feet above Kalamazoo River was 

 carried to a depth of 150 feet and passed through considerable blue till in its lower part. The 

 till is struck beneath bordering gravel plains on the north side of Kalamazoo River and seems to 

 be independent of and to antedate the moraine. Probably it is of pre-Wisconsin age. 



The deepest well in the correlative moraine of the Lake Michigan lobe south of Kalamazoo 

 River of which a record has been obtained is that of Mr. Schram, opposite Gales burg. It is on 

 ground about 120 feet above the river and reached water at about 100 feet. The drift there is 

 largely loose textured and gravelly. 



A well on the Heritz farm east of Climax on ground about 975 feet above sea level is reported 

 by the driller, S. Barlow, of Galesburg, to have struck sandstone at 47 feet and to have obtained 

 a good supply of water at 50 feet. This seems to be near the western edge of the table-land of 

 sandstone of the Marshall formation, for wells a mile west of the Heritz farm were sunk to a depth 

 of 100 feet without reaching rock. 



Records of two wells south of Tekonsha show a striking difference hi drift structure as well 

 as a large amount of drift. One at William Wagner's, on a sharp rnorainic knoll in sec. 3, Guard 

 Township, is largely through till, part of it a stiff clay, and strikes rock at about 175 feet; its 

 entire depth is 1S4 feet. Another on the outwash apron just outside the moraine, on the farm 

 of J. W. Mitchell in sec. 33, Tekonsha Township, entered rock at 164 feet and reached a depth 

 of 180 feet; it penetrated 45 feet of gravel, below which it was in quicksand to the rock. Both 

 wells are on ground nearly 1,000 feet above sea level. Along the moraine northwest from the 

 wells a thin sheet of bowldery, loose-textured till covers a thick deposit of sand, which is entered 

 in some wells at 15 to 20 feet. 



On a prominent knoll in sec. 22, Butler Township, Branch County, about 70 feet above the 

 surrounding country or 1,075 feet above sea level, a well 107 feet deep enters rock at 90 feet, 

 after penetrating considerable till under a surface deposit of gravel. 



OUTWASH. 



Except for a few miles in southwestern Calhoun County, where it laps upon a till plain, the 

 Tekonsha moraine is bordered by well-defined outwash aprons or by lines of glacial drainage. 

 The correlative moraine of the Lake Michigan lobe in eastern Kalamazoo County also is bordered 

 by an outwash apron, and correlative hi the Huron-Erie lobe in southern Branch County is 

 deeply indented by gravelly aprons that extend back into it ; the latter has a continuous belt of 

 gravel on its outer border. 



REENTRANT ANGLE. 



The outwash in the reentrant angle between the Saginaw and Lake Michigan lobes in 

 eastern Kalamazoo County shows a marked slope from northeast to southwest along the edge of 

 the Lake Michigan correlative. The altitudes and slopes are well shown in the profile of the 

 Grand Trunk Railway, which traverses it from northeast to southwest. The altitude is 990 feet 

 at the northeast edge of the gravel plain, 976 feet at Climax, and 912 feet at Scott station, 6 

 miles southwest of Climax, giving a slope southwestward of about 10 feet to a mile. Gravel 

 and cobble are plentiful at the northeast, but sand becomes conspicuous toward the southwest 

 near Scott. Bashis containing small lakes appear at the northeast but become inconspicuous 

 toward the southwest. Some irregularity of surface hi the southwestern part seems likely to 

 be the result of glacial drainage rather than the work of modern streams. 



The till plain south of the outwash apron extends to the outer border of the Tekonsha 

 moraine near East Leroy. 



GRAVEL PLAIN OF ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



From the vicinity of East Leroy southeastward to the St. Joseph Valley, a distance of 10 

 miles, lies the head of the great gravel plain that leads down the St. Joseph Valley. This plain 

 is entered by Pine Creek and Nottawa Creek as well as by St. Joseph River. The part traversed 

 by Pine Creek is near the western border and is more sandy than the more central part along 



