162 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



in the 8 miles from Wolcottville to Wawaka, being about 955 feet at Wolcottville, 930 feet at 

 Rome City and in wells in sees. 3 and 10, T. 35 N., R. 9 E., and about 895 feet around Wawaka. 



The underground relations are so little understood that it can not be stated that the wells 

 are all in a single pool. A single well or a small group of wells may be controlled by local con- 

 ditions in its catchment area and underground flow and be independent of the remainder of the 

 wells. Possibly the catchment area or areas will prove not to be in the immediate vicinity 

 but in a more or less remote district of higher altitude. In that case the shallow wells may 

 strike water that rises through fissures in the till from considerable depth. Numerous springs 

 along the shallow valleys in the plain around Wawaka may also prove to rise from consider- 

 able depth. 



The deepest flowing well reported is H miles west of Wawaka on the farm of John Pasch. 

 The following record was obtained by Dryer: 



Record of Pasch flowing well near Wawaka, Ind. 



Feet. 



Gravel 6 



Quicksand 40 



Clay, blue 34 



Gravel 2 



Clay, blue - 77 



Gravel, cemented .' 7 



166 



The shallow wells east and south of Wawaka, with depths of 10 to 20 feet, are driven through 

 a few feet of clay and are apparently in sand or fine gravel at the bottom. One of the strong- 

 est, that of Abram Frank, a mile east of Wawaka in the east part of sec. 27, is only 10 feet 

 deep and flows 2 or 3 barrels a minute. It fills a pond used for fish culture and then runs 

 to waste in a stream that compares favorably in size with the neighboring brook into which it 

 discharges. 



At the Rome City sanitarium the wells range in depth from 16 to 40 feet and obtain their 

 supply from gravel below blue clay. The head is 4J feet above the level of the large reservoir 

 at this village, or about 931 feet above sea level. The flowing wells at Wolcottville are 53 to 

 65 feet deep and penetrate 20 feet of surface gravel overlying blue till to the water bed. They 

 are on low ground along Elkhart River and have a head only 5 feet above the surface. 



Several wells on the west side of Elkhart River south of Eddy in sees. 3 and 10, T. 35 N.j 

 R. 9 E., range in depth from 60 to 88 feet. One at a schoolhouse in sec. 10 flowed when first made, 

 but in 1902 the water lacked 2 or 3 feet of reaching the surface. The deepest well (88 feet) on 

 the Conrad estate in sec. 3 flowed 5J gallons per minute at 3 feet above the surface in 1902. 

 These wells have about the same altitude as those in Rome City, 930 feet above sea level. 



A so-called "blowing well" was noted at a farmhouse a mile south of Albion. The well is 

 68 feet deep and was largely through dry gravel and cobble. The blowing or whistling occurs 

 when barometric conditions cause the air in the gravel to be expelled. 



In northeastern Noble County at Kendallville a deep gas-well boring shows the drift to be 

 485 feet deep . Specimens of the drillings, preserved in a glass tube, show that the material is nearly 

 all sand and fine gravel below 20 feet of yellow till. A record of a water well at Dr. Mayer's 

 residence in Kendallville, furnished by the driller, is as follows : 



Record of Mayer well, Kendallville, Ind. 



Feet. 



Clay, surface 5 



Gravel, dry 20 



Gravel, water bearing 10 



Clay, soft, blue 25 



Gravel, water bearing 20 



Till, hard, bluish (pre-Wisconsin?) - - 70 



Till, soft, blue 25 



Gravel, water bearing 10 



185 



