240 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



form just north of Williamston. A more probable course, however, is northeastward from 

 Okemos past Pine Lake and Alverson, where it either turns abruptly southeast or is combined 

 with the next later moraine. The region of marked overlapping extending eastward from 

 Okemos will be described later (pp. 244-245). 



GRAND LEDGE MORAINE. 



The second slender moraine of the series, known as the Grand Ledge moraine, comes down 

 to the north bank of the Grand River channel about 2 miles west of Ionia, between the Pere 

 Marquette Railroad and Bellamy Creek, and is there very narrow, hardly more than a quarter 

 of a mile wide. On the south side of the channel, beyond a break of about 2 miles, it reappears, 

 but for 3 miles it is very slender, being scarcely more than one-eighth mile wide. Toward 

 Orange it grows stronger, its width being about three-fourths of a mile. For about 8 miles 

 from the channel it runs a little east of south, but a mile south of West Sebewa it turns east- 

 southeast and passes just north of Cornell and Danby, close along the south side of Grand River 

 as far as Grand Ledge, though it is much broken for 4 miles west of this place. East of West 

 Sebewa it is about a mile wide and 15 to 30 feet high. The main part crosses to the north of 

 the river at Grand Ledge and is higher and stronger for 7 or 8 miles east. From Grand Ledge 

 it runs directly east to a point about 2 miles north of Lansing, where it turns southeast. North- 

 east of Lansing it is more than a mile wide and unusually high. This section of the moraine 

 runs about 4 miles southeast to the Michigan State Agricultural College, where it abruptly 

 turns nearly 90° to the northeast, forming a small, sharply pointed lobe, with the college about 

 one-half mile west of the apex. At the apex the moraine is broken by glacial drainage which 

 issued toward the south. Two miles northeast of the college the moraine is again strongly 

 developed and continues so to the north side of Pine Lake. North from the apex and partly 

 inclosed by the strong limbs of this small lobe lies the great Chandler Marsh, probably a shallow 

 lake formerly and now the largest marsh in this part of the State. 



IONIA MORAINE. 



The third or Ionia moraine comes down from the north and curves sharply to the south- 

 west just before entering Ionia. In the northern part of the city it is about 2 miles wide and 

 20 to 25 feet high. South of the channel it curves southeast a little more directly than the Grand 

 Ledge moraine and keeps in close parallelism with it nearly to Lansing. It crosses Grand River 

 about 2 miles south of Portland and follows its north side to Eagle. Beyond this it becomes 

 broken and irregular, like the others, but continues almost directly east to the southwest cor- 

 ner of Genesee County, passing south of Wacousta and Dewitt and through Gunnisonville and 

 Bath. Farther east it passes just north of Shaftsbury and East Cohoctah, where it appears 

 to be overridden by a later moraine. From Ionia to Bath it is rather more slender than the 

 earlier ridges, but gains in strength toward the east. 



PORTLAND MORAINE. 



The next moraine of the deployed group, known as the Portland moraine, comes down to 

 the north bank of the Grand River channel about 2 miles west of Muir with a width of about a 

 mile. Directly opposite on the south side and about 1^ miles southwest of Lyons it reappears 

 and runs southeast, crossing Grand River east of Collins, and forming the high bluff on the 

 north side of Lookingglass River at Portland. Beyond this it curves gradually toward the 

 east, keeping close to the north side of Lookingglass River and crossing to the south side just 

 east of Dewitt, about 7 miles north of Lansing. Thence it runs east through the northern part 

 of T. 5 N., Rs. 1 W., 1 E., and 2 E. (Bath, Woodhull, and Perry townships), passing the hamlets 

 of Perry and Grass River, and trending a little south of east through the central part of T. 5 N., 

 R. 3 E. (Antrim Township) and across the southwest corner of Genesee County, where it appears 

 to override the Ionia moraine. This moraine is somewhat stronger than the Ionia moraine. 



