268 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



above 1,000 feet. Two areas in central and southeastern Dayton Township rise above 940 feet 

 and one small area in southern Koylton Township above 900 feet. The Owosso moraine rises 

 from about 780 feet south of Murphys Lake to about 850 feet near East Dayton; its relief varies 

 from 20 or 30 feet at the south to 50 or 60 feet at the north. Except on the high kames in central 

 and northeastern Fremont Township, the Juniata moraine has an altitude of 770 to 780 feet. 



The relief between Otter Lake and Mayville is the greatest in the district with the exception 

 of the Deanville kames mentioned below. (See p. 271.) Relief of 80 to 100 feet is common and 

 the rise from Murphys Lake to the east l£ miles is 200 feet or more. In the high areas of Day- 

 ton Township the relief is 100 to 150 feet. Except for two or three points that rise to 50 or 60 

 feet in Fremont and Indian Fields townships, the Juniata moraine has scarcely any perceptible 

 relief and in the bowldery belt in Wells and Novesta townships lacks what little it has elsewhere. 



In northeastern Lapeer and southwestern Sanilac counties the moraine crests rise above 

 900 feet in a few places but are mostly between 850 and 900 feet. The Deanville kames rise at 

 their summits to about 1,030 and 1,060 feet, respectively (aneroid). The two highest knobs are 

 1 mile and H miles from the Imlay channel, which has there an altitude of 790 feet, and they 

 therefore rise above it about 240 and 270 feet, respectively. These are the highest points on the 

 "thumb" north of the high area at the south line of Lapeer County. 



The interlobate deposits in northwestern Sanilac County for the most part rise but little 

 above 820 feet, though a few points reach as much as 850 or 860 feet. The relief generally is not 

 more than 40 feet. The scattered ridges in Sanilac County have altitudes mostly between 775 

 and 800 feet, and their relief ranges between 10 and 30 feet. The transverse ridges have crest 

 altitudes of 800 to 850 feet with relief ranging between 10 and 50 feet. 



CHARACTER. 



Up to the middle of Oregon Township the outer two moraines are relatively even, smooth 

 ridges, with mild swell and sag topography, but as they turn northeast into Mayfield and Deer- 

 field townships they become much more irregular and varied. One of the finest types of swell 

 and sag topography seen in this part of Michigan is on the road running 2 miles southeast from 

 Columbiaville. Innorthern Mayfield, southern Deerfield, central and western Arcadia, and north- 

 ern Attica townships, especially in the last three, the outer moraine shows knob and basin topog- 

 raphy. In northwestern Attica the development is more pronounced, especially north of Attica 

 station. The deposition of the drift in the belt between Attica and central Deerfield was con- 

 siderably influenced by waters issuing from the ice. Probably three-quarters of the area between 

 these points is of a somewhat irregular swell and sag type, but much of it consists of small plateaus 

 with undulating surfaces, like those in northern Attica and southern Arcadia. The second or 

 Lyons moraine from the bend of Flint River, in the southeastern part of Rich Township, is similar 

 to the outer moraine in its topographic expression but has some higher kames close to the Imlay 

 channel, and for 6 or 7 miles north of Imlay it has a more pronounced development of knob 

 and basin topography. Some of the basins 3 or 4 miles to the north are large and deep. 



The .narrow ridge running southwest from Columbiaville on the north side of Flint River is 

 of smooth swell and sag type. 



The Otter Lake moraine is composed of several parallel ridges close together with rather 

 strong swell and sag expression and some basins. The morainic ground in north-central Mara- 

 thon Township is associated with large esker ridges and has irregular topography. It has 

 knobs and basins, two or three of the basins being rather large. South of this area a small 

 till plain is inclosed like a basin by a sharp narrow bowldery ridge 15 to 25 feet high which extends 

 around its south and east sides. 



The Otisville moraine is very rugged north of Otter Lake and has many knobs and basins 

 associated with the esker formation. The rest of this moraine to the neighborhood of Silver- 

 wood has a moderate swell and sag topography. Southeastward into Burnside Township, if 

 its identification there is correct, it has mainly a swell and sag topography, but with some 

 pronounced basins. 



