LATER MORAINES OF LAKE MICHIGAN, SAGINAW, AND HURON-ERIE LOBES. 273 



MISCELLANEOUS KAMES. 



Some parts of the transverse ridges in Buel and Elk townships, Sanilac County, appear to 

 be largely of the nature of kames, this being especially true of the ridge north and west of Buel, 

 which seems to be composed mainly of kames; it rises 40 to 50 feet above the plain. In north- 

 eastern Buel two ridges are evidently kames in part, but they stand at a lower level and were 

 largely modified by wave action at the time of Lake Whittlesey. 



A narrow ridge east and northeast of Peck in Elk Township is largely composed of kames. 

 A smaller but quite prominent kame cluster occurs 3 miles north of Peck, and a number of 

 kames stand east and northeast of Melvin, in Speaker Township. Most of these kames rest 

 on morainic ground or stony till. In the transverse ridges the kames seem generally to overlie 

 ridges of stony till, the main undermass being of this composition. 



GLACIAL DRAIN AGE. 

 OUTWASH APRONS AND DELTA DEPOSITS. 



HATFIELD OUTWASH DELTA. 



The quantity of gravelly and sandy outwash which issued directly from the ice front in 

 this district is surprisingly small, only three or four deposits being of sufficient importance 

 to require mention. 



In the northern part of Mayfield Township, 5 or 6 miles north of Lapeer, a small but rather 

 remarkable outwash deposit covers the whole of sec. 10 and small parts of all the adjacent 

 sections. It is surrounded on its east, west, and north sides by a rugged, bowldery morainic 

 deposit, which descends steeply to the lower ground on its inner side. This narrow morainic 

 deposit seems like a retaining wall around the sides of the outwash and appears to represent 

 an ice-contact surface. Except perhaps at a few points on its east side it does not rise above 

 the level of the gravelly deposit. 



The exceptional thing about this deposit is the height to which it rises above the surrounding 

 country. Its surface has an altitude of about 960 feet, whereas the till plain immediately 

 south of it and extending to Lapeer has an altitude of 825 to 850 feet. Its top is almost flat, 

 but slopes a little to the southwest, and its sand is notably finer at the south than at the 

 morainic rim. 



The formation seems much like a delta formed in a lake and the situation favors that 

 origin. The flat ground north and east of Lapeer seems much like a lake floor and has in fact 

 a deposit of pebbleless lake clay in some of its lower parts. There was, however, a lake on 

 this plain at a later time and the clays may belong to that. 



If this deposit was made in a lake it must have been at a slightly earlier stage of the glacial 

 retreat than that represented by the moraine that runs past Hadley and the glacial river that 

 flowed along its border, for the general crest level of the moraine is under 900 feet west of Lapeer 

 and the head of the glacial river near Hadley is not above 840 or 850 feet. Some scattered 

 morainic knolls in and west of Lapeer running south and others 3 or 4 miles east of Lapeer 

 may, perhaps, represent the position of the ice at that time. 



This high outwash deposit is one of few deposits which the writer has seen in the West that 

 bear a close resemblance to the "sand plains" described by New England geologists. The 

 outwash apron that bears the university campus and much of the city of Ann Arbor, Mich., 

 is another of this type; it is described by Mr. Leverett in the Ann Arbor folio. 



FOSTORIA OUTWASH APRON. 



The largest outwash deposit in the district is that which lies around Fostoria in Water- 

 town Township, Tuscola County. It is 9 or 10 square miles in area and lies in contact with the 

 front of the Otisville moraine for about 6 miles. It may have issued from the ice front all 

 along the line of contact, but a considerable part of it appears to have come from a gap in 



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